North Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

North Korea - Essay Example One, there is a requirement for these significant economies to force gigantic financial authorizes and trouble to guarantee these nations doesn’t run easily, and these go far in limiting a portion of this tyrannical initiative. For example, they could be by keeping away from their fare and bringing in to them. US and China could some way or another seek after an all the more yet harsh methodology. This can be through the help of the United Nations to create strategies to be embraced by these nations and if conceivable change the administration through reasonable and straightforward political decision led by United Nations. This can begin with strategy and two-sided exchange among them. The central foundation of the creation of fanaticism and even infringement of human rights by different administration lies in a culture of abusive political rejection, included with strict dogmatism, changing the political culture especially by the United States would include laying radical changes and gazing the nation to a law based culture that again would mean difference in initiative regardless of whether it implies utilization of military by help of United Nation Security Council. Change of administration in a large number of such nations is seen as a rule as another day break particularly through a reasonable law based procedure (Song,

Contemporary leadership issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contemporary initiative issues - Assignment Example The third issue is distinction between what science knows and what business does, in which he infers that associations settle on choices that depend on suppositions that are outdate, unexamined, and established more in fables that in science (Pink). A fourth issue is brought out by another speaker, Sir Ken Robinson. The issue is that schools are slaughtering imagination by disparaging slip-ups, which students need to make so as to be at last practiced. The fifth issue is schools train individuals to be what they need them to be, as contradicted permitting them to figure out how to become what they wish to become, which executes they imaginative limit (Robinson). Sixthly, present day training frameworks brought to address the issues of industrialism, have brought scholarly swelling †better authority through instruction ought to be centered around the assorted variety of ability. Seventh is that cutting edge administration doesn't welcome the dynamism of insight. The eighth, originating from Simon Sinek, is outside-in authoritative correspondence (guided by â€Å"what†), instead of back to front correspondence (guided by â€Å"why† or reason) (Sinek). Seek after the reason, not the outcome. The ninth point is tied in with employing individuals who have faith in a similar thing as the association, not on the grounds that they need cash. At last, the understanding driving potential is progressively significant money related

On Tortillas and Community

On Tortillas and Community Hello! One of the first things I wrote about as a staff blogger was my transition from pueblerina to big city girl. A year and a half has passed since that blog post and I’d like to give you an update. When I last checked in, I was just settling into my new life in Cambridge, MA. As a proud, first generation, Mexican-American woman, I found that there were a couple of things that I needed to ensure my happiness, sense of belonging, and community. I had already found the perfect coffee-shop, but there were still a couple of things missing from my list. Ahem: Tortillas. These round slices of heaven are revered in Mexican cuisine; for instance, a tortilla can either make or break a meal: corn tortillas bring out the flavors in tacos al pastor or enchiladas, while flour tortillas are better suited for burritos or just eating them by themselves with a bit of butter. With this in mind, I set out to find a tortilleria or in the very least, good quality tortillas in a super market. Not only did I not find a tortilleria, but I didn’t even find good quality tortillas in the supermarket. Y ahora, que sera de mi? One day a student told me how her mom regularly ships her treats from California and I thought to myself, “Well that’s something, ain’t it?” I quickly called my parents and two days later, I had two packages of freshly made tortillas from the local tortilleria and a package of my favorite chorizo. All of these seemingly small things: tortillas, chorizo, coffee, all of these things can make a person feel at home. But acquiring a sense of happiness, sense of belonging and community requires more than just material things, as cliché as that may sound. The interaction with people from my community is very important to me, as well, to be able to share and bond through stories of common experiences, such as attending quinceañeras, eating tamales, or being the first in your family to go to college. Sigue leyendo. The other day, I was having ice cream with a student I “mentor” (I really think it’s the other way around) and she was telling me she would be pulling an all-nighter studying for her neuroscience class and in the next breath, telling me she would be visiting her abuelita for Christmas break. As she was talking, I couldn’t help but feel so incredibly proud of her for having the fortaleza and coraje to leave her family behind and forge her own path at MIT. This, my friends, this is what makes Cambridge, MA feel like home to me, even if my parents have to send tortillas and chorizo via express mail.

Conservation of Energy Lab Essay - 1536 Words

FREE FALL AND CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY ABSTRACT Free fall is defined as the ideal falling motion of an object that is subject only to the earth’s gravitational field. To prove the law of conservation of energy, the free fall motion of an object can be represented through 3 different analyses; position of the object vs. time, velocity of the object vs. time, and acceleration of the object vs. time. It is observed in this ball toss experiment, at any point during the free fall period, the system contains the same total amount of mechanical energy. This amount is the sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy. FREE FALL AND THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of†¦show more content†¦Comparison – Position – Compare the coefficient of t ² to the actual value of  ½g | Coefficient of t2 (m/s2) |  ½ g (m/s2) | Percentage of Comparison | Trial 1 | -4.739 m/s2 | -4.9m/s2 | 3.3% | Trial 2 | -4.733 m/s2 | -4.9m/s2 | 3.4% | Trial 3 | -4.793 m/s2 | -4.9m/s2 | 2.2% | Trial 4 | -4.751 m/s2 | -4.9m/s2 | 3.0% | Trial 5 | -4.746 m/s2 | -4.9m/s2 | 3.1% | AVERAGES: | -4.752 m/s2 | -4.9m/s2 | 3.0% | ***There is a 3% difference when comparing the position vs. time value of ‘g’ to the constant of g. Comparison – Velocity – Compare the coefficient of t (value of s. timeifference when comparinght..represent the minimum f=e it was tossed - to Normal. in these systems remains consrepresented with ‘m’ slope) to the actual value of g | Coefficient of t (m/s2) | g (m/s2) | Percentage of Comparison | Trial 1 | -9.467m/s2 | -9.8m/s2 | 3.4% | Trial 2 | -9.385m/s2 | -9.8m/s2 | 4.2% | Trial 3 | -9.406m/s2 | -9.8m/s2 | 4.0% | Trial 4 | -9.421m/s2 | -9.8m/s2 | 3.9% | Trial 5 | -9.494m/s2 | -9.8m/s2 | 3.1% | AVERAGES: | -9.435m/s2 | -9.8m/s2 | 3.7% | ***There is a 3.7% difference when comparing the velocity vs. time value of ‘g’ to the constant of g. Comparison – Acceleration – Compare the consistency (represented as the median value) of the statistic line in each trial | ‘a’ from graph(m/s2) | g(m/s2) | Percentage of Comparison | Trial 1 | -9.444m/s2 | -9.8m/s2 | 3.6% |Show MoreRelatedThe Conservation Of Energy Lab Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: For the conservation of energy lab three experiments were performed. Terrestrial Gravitation Acceleration, First Law of Thermodynamics and Centripetal Acceleration vs. First Law of Thermodynamics. Each of the experiments demonstrated the importance of the first law of thermodynamic and how its present on our daily lives. Therefore, reinforcing the importance of thermodynamics concepts and their role in our society. Objectives: Experiment A: Terrestrial Gravitational AccelerationRead MorePhysics Principles Of Dynamics And Rotational Kinematics882 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this lab, we used the physics principles of dynamics and rotational kinematics to calculate the acceleration due to gravity near the earth’s surface. Our calculations were based on Galileo’s ramp. Galileo hypothesized that a falling object would gain equal amounts of velocity in equal amounts of time, however, he was unable to test this theory, as he could not accurately measure an object free-falling through space. In order to rectify this, he attempted to slow down the objectsRead MoreEnergy of a Tossed Ball768 Words   |  4 PagesEnergy of a Tossed Ball Project PURPOSE: The purpose for the students of the Energy of a Tossed Ball Lab involved learning how to measure the change in kinetic and potential energies as a ball moves in free fall. Since there is no frictional forces working on the ball the total energy will remain constant and the students will see how the total energy of the ball changes during free fall. HYPOTHESIS: 1. The ball has potential energy while momentarily at rest at the top of the path. 2Read MoreLab Report Essay753 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Beginning with science : 06 Matter and Energy Kevin Edwards. Introduction :You will be exploring three scenarios and conducting observations on the physical and chemical changes in matter: The Iced Tea Debate, Salty Soup, and Fire Bug. Objective : To demonstrate the differences between physical and chemical changes while observing the laws of conservation of matter and energy. Procedure : Watch each part of the experimental demonstration and make predictions about what will happen inRead MoreBiography of Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Helmholtz1046 Words   |  4 Pagesenlightening the world of science for generations. Conservation of Energy Early in his career, Hermann von Helmholtz developed a passion for sciences that would impact society and make the world a better place. One of the best ways he contributed to the world of science was providing us with his research on the conservation of force. Hermann von Helmholtz uses the term ‘force’ in place of the term ‘energy’. During the time period, theories of conserving energy to better sustain our land was unfamiliar andRead MoreThe Findings After Testing Quantized Inertia On The Emdrive971 Words   |  4 Pagestesting quantized inertia on the EmDrive. The authors predicted that the thrust produced by the EmDrive can be explained assuming that the inertial mass of the photons is caused by unruh radiation. Multiple experiments took place in several independent labs, and produced results that were similar to the predicted values for thrust. The computations of the results did not sufficiently model wave oscillations in 3D, thus the authors recomme nd further testing in order to produce more accurate findings. Read MoreKing s Theory Three System946 Words   |  4 Pagesby then the lab work should be back, the goal is to reduce blood glucose level below 200. The next stage is the is the evaluation stage, in this stage the nurse look at the care plan to see if what was in the care plan was achieved. For example, was the patient finger still the same or is the patient blood glucose level reduce. Case Study Myra Levine’s theory talks about the four areas of conservation which are conservation of energy, conservation of structural integrity, conservation of personalRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gravitational Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy And Total Mechanical Energy Of A Cart1452 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose: To find out the relationship between gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and total mechanical energy of a cart as it rolls down a ramp Hypothesis: If the cart rolls down the ramp with constant speed, then the kinetic energy will get bigger, the gravitational potential energy will decrease, and the total mechanical energy will stay at the same constant value, because due to the law of Conservation of Energy, these are the estimated results. Materials/Apparatus: ramp (1) textbooksRead MoreThe Effect Of Cellulose On The Chemical Equation933 Words   |  4 Pagesis added, it causes a fire to burn hotter and faster. In this lab both wood and steel wool were burned in pure oxygen and air. Wood is mixture of many substances but for this lab we will focus on the cellulose aspect for the chemical equation. Cellulose has the same chemical formulation as sugar of C6H12O6. So, when combined with oxygen we have the balanced equation of: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O. In accordance to the Law of Conservation the mass of the wood does not change after it is burned, itRead MoreLab Report On The Law Of Conservation Of Momentum1483 Words   |  6 PagesMMAN1300 Dynamics Lab Report 1 Made By: Krimil Patel Student number: z5076441 S2-2015 Impulse-momentum lab Tables of Content Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg-3 Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg-4 Apparatus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Pg-6 Method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg-7 Sample Calculations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg-8 Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg-10 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Pg-11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

How to Write Ethos

How to Write Ethos While working on ethos, you have to realize that it has to show the way the readers recognize the writer. Below we present the main features that the readers may find out about the writer. Note, that in the case with ethos the writer never mentions himself. So, among the features the readers may ascribe to you there are lazy, careful, educated, enthusiastic, dishonest, boring, etc. All these features may be ascribed by the reader to the writer after he says what he has to say and the way he says it. Readers have also an opportunity to describe the writer’s appearance, his gender, his fashion style and whether he speaks with an accent. It is highly important for you to set 2 specific aims to reach while building up your ethos. The first one lies in the fact that you have to make your readers trust you. The second – you need to make your readers respect or even like you. When you read â€Å"like you†, don’t think that it is necessary to make your readers go out with you for a date after they finish reading your paper. The point is that readers usually appreciate what you have done, that is they respect you for the interesting paper you have written. In order to create a strong ethos, follow these simple recommendations: You need to have good pathos/logos. You need to show your readers that you have performed a thorough research of your topic. You need to show your enthusiasm concerning your topic. You need to express empathy if it’s appropriate. Remember, in case you perform limited research for your ethos, your readers will definitely be less inclined to trust what you have written. Thus, your support of arguments won’t be convincing and valuable. Never forget to check your paper for grammar mistakes and typos. Otherwise, your readers will never respect you and won’t be interested in reading it at all. Show your readers that you care about what you are writing and be sensitive where it is appropriate.

Media Law in South Africa Free Essays

The Press Freedom Commission (PFC) was launched in July 2011 by the press industry representative body, Print Media South Africa and the South African National Editors Forum in order to set up a suitable regulatory media system for South Africa (Press Freedom Commission, 2012: 1). The Press Freedom Commission that was held earlier this year assessed all measures concerning co-regulation, self-regulation, independent regulation and state regulation so as to ensure that the media is accountable to the public that they serve and similarly to ensure the protection of press freedom (Press Freedom Commission, 2012: 1). This year, the PFC recommended that an independent co-regulatory system , which does not include State participation, would best suit the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Law in South Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now This would mean that the press are accountable to serve in interest of the population (Press Freedom Commission, 2012: 1). With reference to Julie Reid’s and Julie Posetti’s article in the Rhodes Journalism Review, I aim to evaluate various contexts and henceforth provide reasons for why I am in accordance with the co-regulation of the media. Under the South African Constitution, in the Bill of Rights (1996) it is stated that every person has a right to freedom of expression, which includes freedom of press and the media, the freedom to receive or impart information or ideas, freedom of artistic creativity, academic freedom and freedom of scientific research (Act no. : 108 of 1996). Henceforth press freedom means the autonomy to communicate ideas, opinions and information without restraint. The media are a public trust with the ability to inform and influence and because of this power they should serve to represent the interests of the citizens without external institutional constraints. When analyzing freedom of the press with the current regulatory system, there are two powerful institutions in society which cannot be ignored, that is political and economic power. Under apartheid the freedom of the press was heavily restricted. The Newspapers Registration and Imprint Act of 1985, required that all newspapers had to be registered and conform to a strict code of conduct. In addition newspapers were also required to lodge R40 000 as a deposit before they could publish, as a result the act silenced many liberal newspapers (Manoim, 1996: 7). With the transition into a new democracy, self-regulation of the media was employed to uphold freedom of expression, a pivotal component of a true democracy. Self-regulation is a system that operates on self imposed rules by the media, it consists only of representatives of the media profession who use the Journalistic Codes and Ethics as a guideline (Reid, 2012: 1). The relationship between the government/ state and the media is one of conflict and dependency because on the one hand, the media are commonly referred to as the ‘unofficial opposition’ to the government. As ‘watchdogs’ they make public a range of issues concerning health care, education, corruption, unemployment etc and because of these disclosures the government repeatedly attempt to censor their biggest critic. As such, the government proposed a Media Tribunal, which could lead to the forced registration of all newspapers, the registration of all journalists and punitive fines(Reid, 2012: 1). The tribunal exemplifies the government’s hostility towards the media and it clearly epitomizes the Newspapers Registration and Imprint Act of 1985 . Another example constitutes as the Protection of Information Bill which will allow the government to classify specific information which is deemed harmful to the â€Å"national interest†. The government have suggested media-unfriendly laws which pose a threat to attack the heart of the struggle for democracy (Reid, 2012: 1). On the other hand, however, the media are dependent on the government for information and official materials and similarly the government depends on the media to produce important information to their citizens. It is evident that the media plays a large role in making public the successes and the failures of the government, however, I argue that a change in the regulatory system could improve the relationship between the two so that the media do not have their own agendas for the information they produce, but they produce that which of interest of the public that they serve. Although self-regulation of the press was once highly valued, examples like the Murdoch scandal have shown that the system is weak and does not assure the accountability of the press. Journalists from the News of the World were accused of phone hacking, police bribery and using unethical means to obtain ‘public interest’ stories (Posetti, 2012: 19). The self-regulatory system allows for journalists to operate freely without state interference and although there haven’t been any situations like the aforementioned unethical proceedings in South Africa, the regulatory system does not fulfill the democratic vitality of the inclusion of wider population (Reid, 2012: 18). For many years under the rapacious system of apartheid, the black population was silenced, their grievances and njustices undocumented. In this new democracy, the media are still seen to cater for the interests of the elite, this can be conceptualized in Noam Chomsky and Edward. S. Herman’s â€Å"propaganda model†. Granted the media does deliver information to serve the interests of its citizens, news coverage is frequently tailored to what suits the corporate. The med ia are a profit-seeking institution, funded by advertisers and are (sometimes) owned by private investors, this can henceforth lead to the media placing profit above public interest (Manoim, 1996: 4). An example of this can be seen in various newspapers during the apartheid era, particularly the Business Day. The Business Day embraced a conservative liberal take on the apartheid system. The reporting that the Business Day encompassed relied on keeping an apolitical stance and avoided negative consequences of full disclosure. The newspaper did not report on any issues negative aspects of the apartheid system or its effects on the population and the reason for this was to gain more revenue than to possibly create controversy (Manoim, 1996: 4). Another example of this was the recent Marikana shootings, wherein the first pieces of information distributed by the media through print and broadcast, told a story of a violent, armed and angry mob, charging towards apprehensive policemen who then shot the mobsters from afar, in fear of their lives (Johnson, 2012: 1). At least 36 miners were shot dead and because of the inadequate coverage by the media, many people were under the impression that the police action was proportional to the threat posed by the miners. It wasn’t until Greg Marinovich went on to publish shocking findings about the deaths of the Marikana minors, in his article â€Å"The murder fields of Marikana: The cold murder fields of Marikana† (Marinovich, 2012: 1). The article made public that some of the miners had been shot by close range (execution style) and others crushed by police vehicles, thus providing proof that the police did not act in fear, but instead hand the upper hand and viciously killed the miners. In many of the articles published, before Marinovich’s, statements were mainly one sided, comprised of policemen, the mining management and government official (Manoim, 1996: 7). It can be understood that many journalists and news firms did not accurately report on the Marikana shootings because they did not want to cause controversy and did not want to lose revenue. With regards to the aforementioned relationships between the media and political/ economic institutions within the self-regulatory system, I argue that the system is clearly weak. There is indeed more freedom of speech with this system, however, the press aren’t held accountable to the citizens that they serve, the press can be seen to accommodate only the elites and silence the people. For these reasons and the above examples, in my opinion it is clear that the self-regulatory system in inadequate for a new democracy such as ours. The proposed system of independent co-regulation without state or government intervention will best serve the freedom of the press in our country. The system will consist of members of the public (e. g: academics, civil society organizations etc. ) and members of the press industry therefore sufficiently creating integration between the press and the society that it serves (Reid, 2012: 18). The independent system as well as journalists will henceforth be accountable to the public. The co-regulatory system will allow regulatory rules to be created by more than one stakeholder and it will have independence from industries (Press Freedom Commission, 2012: 1). The system should sufficiently allow members of the public and the press to engage with reports made by the independent body. This nature of transparency will build a close relationship between the public and the media and henceforth it will encourage the media to be accountable to the citizens that it serves (Reid, 2012: 18). I believe that the increased integration between the public and the press will give the once unheard voices of the public a platform for their opinions furthermore it will directly assist the country on the road to true democracy. The PFC suggests that the system will introduce a more efficient framework for dealing with sensitive matters especially when dealing with children. There will also be a be a method of â€Å"space fines† which will consist of monetary fines, summons or rulings for any offences made by the press (Press Freedom Commission, 2012: 1). The co-regulatory system proposed by the Press Freedom Commission is not an attack at the freedom of the press, rather, it is very necessary to strengthen the system of the press in South Africa. Co-regulation will not only serve the public because of the system’s transparency and allowance for integration but it could also improve the quality and credibility of journalism in the country. The marginalized and excluded persons of this country need an environment where they are able to make public their discrepancies and regarding the extensive reception to the current self-regulation it is evident there needs to be a change in the system. In my opinion co-regulation will ensure the greatest independence from different influential institutions, it will reinforce the accountability the press should have for the citizens, it will allow for press freedom and furthermore it will assist to uphold the principles of a democracy. References: Manoim, I. 1996. You Have Been Warned: The First Ten Years of The Mail Guardian. Penguin Books: South Africa. Posetti, J. 2012. Media Regulation, Murdoch and the Journalism Wars of Oz. Rhodes Journalism Review. Press Freedom Commission, 2012. What the Press Commission recommends. Retrieved from http://www. politicsweb. co. za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71656? oid=294997sn=Detail on 11/01/1012 Reid, J. 2012. Press Freedom in South Africa and why self-regulation is best. Daily Maverick. Retrieved from http://dailymaverick. co. za/opinionista/2012-01-26-press-freedom-in-south-africa-and-why-self-regulation-is-best on 11/01/2012. Reid, J. 2012. What will co-regulation mean? The Press Freedom Commission report and its implications for the regulation of journalism. Rhodes Journalism Review. How to cite Media Law in South Africa, Essays

The Workings and Structure of the Heart Essay Example For Students

The Workings and Structure of the Heart Essay IntroductionFor homeostasis to remain balanced throughout the body millions of respiring cells need to discard carbon dioxide and waste products and also replenish with oxygen and nutrients. For this transaction to occur a complex transportation network called the cardiovascular system initiates. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, arteries and veins. The heart is a double pumping organ which is the driving force of the cardiovascular system, although only weighing approximately three hundred grams the heart is powerful enough to beat over seventy times a minute pumping blood around the body. The heart is located on the left hand side of the diaphragm lying within the mediastinum in the thoracic cavity. Resembling a pyramid on an oblique angle the heart is hollow and composed of three layers, myocardium, endocardium and pericardium. Myocardium formulates the majority of the heart; this is composed of specialised cardiac muscle occurring only in the heart. Endocardium is a smooth delicate membrane, which lines the interior surface of the heart chambers and valves, and the pericardium; which is a connective tissue, this acts as a protective barrier, the fibrous pericardium fuses with arteries which pass through it to form attachments which help to anchor the heart to its surrounding structures The interior of the heart is divided into two sides the right and left, nearly mirror image of each other a few differences can be recorded (see conclusion).Figure 1As figure 1 shows there is a complex network of arteries and veins which branch into the heart. It is through these arteries and veins that blood is transported throughout the body. The arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues and cells throughout the body whereas the veins carry deoxygenated blood received to the heart. We will write a custom essay on The Workings and Structure of the Heart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As the heart is attached only by soft tissue it can change position in the diaphragm while it contracts and relaxes (diastole and systole) as in figure 2 and 3. Figure 2Figure 3For a better understanding of the structure and workings of the heart a heart dissection was performed, below are the conclusions gathered from the experiment. Conclusionso Distinguish between the dorsal and ventral sides of the heart. (The ventral side is more rounded than the dorsal side, and the thick walled arteries arise from this side). Note:The right and left atria (auricles) and right and left ventricles,Pulmonary artery and aorta arising from right and left ventricles,Anterior and posterior vena cava opening into right atrium,Coronary vessels in the heart wall,Figure 4 shows the ventral side of the heart clearly showing the pulmonary artery and aorta, the left and right atria and ventricles and the coronary vessels of the heart wall. Figure 4o Clamp posterior vena cava, then run water through anterior vena cava, from the water runs through the pulmonary artery, this is the route of the pulmonary circulation which receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation and transported to the lungs to be oxygenated. Now run water through the pulmonary vein, which vessel does the water emerge?The water runs through the aorta, this is the route of the systemic circulation, the systemic circulation takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to oxygenise respiring cells throughout the body. Figure 5Figure 5 shows the systemic circulation in red and the pulmonary circulation in blue. o Expose the left ventricle by a longitudinal cut through ventral wall of the ventricle, note your findings. Through the cut in the left ventricle wall the following observations were recorded. (see figure 3) The left ventricular walls were visible, consisting of thick myocardium (cardiac muscle); the reason for the thickness of the left ventricle is because the left ventricle is responsible for the pumping of blood at high hydrostatic pressure throughout the systemic arterial system. .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 , .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .postImageUrl , .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 , .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07:hover , .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07:visited , .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07:active { border:0!important; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07:active , .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07 .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9db23aeec6cd0b14f572de3a19faaa07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Innocence of Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird EssayThe bicuspid valve, this valve is used to prevent backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium. Chordae tendinae, used to anchor the flaps of the bicuspid valve to the papillary muscle to prevent the valve turning inside out due to pressure. Papillary muscle, this is part of the myocardium of the ventricle and contains irregular shaped columns called trabeculane carnae. o Turn the heart upside down and run water into the ventricle through the slit you have cut, note your findings. The water ran through the aorta, as the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta to be transferred via the systemic circulation. Figure 6 shows the interior of the heart. Figure 6o now turn the heart the right way up, run water through into the cut end of the aorta, note your findings The water appeared through the trabeculare carnae (irregular shaped columns in the papillary muscle) as a shower. o Cut open the left atrium and aorta by continuing your ventricular cut upwards, note your findings. Through the extended cut in the left ventricle the following were visible. Left atrium (auricle) this is the chamber which lies superior to the left ventricle, smaller than the right atrium (auricle) this houses the pulmonary veins which bring oxygenated blood from the lungs. The aortic valve (semi-lunar) this prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. The pulmonary vein which returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to be pumped around the body in the systemic circulation. o Expose the interior of the right ventricle by a longitudinal slit through ventral wall, note your findings. The cut in the right ventricle exposed: (see figure 3) The right ventricle wall was visible consisting of thinner myocardium (cardiac muscle) than the left ventricle this is due to less hydrostatic pressure required to push blood into the pulmonary artery, this is known as the pulmonary circulation. Tricuspid valve this is to prevent backflow of blood into the right atrium from the right ventricle. Chordinae tendinae used to anchor the flaps of the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscle this is to prevent the valve been turned inside out by pressure. Papillary muscle part of the myocardium and contain fewer trabeculare carnae than the left ventricle. The right ventricle has a larger funnel shaped area of smooth wall known as the conus arteriosus or infunibulum. o Slit open the right atrium and pulmonary artery by continuing your ventricular slit upwards, note your findings. Through the extended slit in the right ventricle clearly visible was: The right atrium, this is larger than the left atrium the two great veins (superior and inferior) vena cava deposit deoxygenated blood from around the body into the right atria. The pulmonary valve, this prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle. Coronary sinus which returns blood from the cardiac veins to the heart. o Note the opening of the coronary vein on the left hand side of the atrium; it is possible you may see a small oval depression this is the fossa ovalis, what do you suppose this is? The fossa ovalis is situated in the interatial septum (dividing wall of atria). During the stage of foetal development the blood flow is different from a newborn. The blood passes from the right atrium directly into the left atrium to be pumped around the body, this is made possible by a connecting tube called the foramen ovale, when a newborn baby inhales its first breath of air the pressure closes the foramen ovale and leaves behind the fossa ovalis, on some occasions a gap may be left this is referred to as a hole in the heart. Figure 7 shows the depression of the fossa ovalis situated in the right atriumFigure 7o Do you expect the foetal heart to differ from the adult heart? Why? Yes the foetal heart differs from the adult heart. .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c , .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .postImageUrl , .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c , .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c:hover , .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c:visited , .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c:active { border:0!important; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c:active , .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueffedc032972b8f77bed3361b738fa8c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Legalize Marijuana EssayThe foetus although fully formed at twelve weeks is reliant on its mother until birth; the remaining twenty eight weeks are spent with maturation of the foetuss tissues and organs. The foetuss heart forms in the embryonic stage, beginning to beat at around week eight of gestation; although the heart is fully functional at this stage the lungs which play an essential part in the oxygenisation of blood in the cardiovascular system are not functional until birth. As the blood still needs to reoxygenise respiring cells a temporary substitute is the placenta, often referred to as the foetal lung it is responsible for filtering and supplying the foetus wi th oxygen and nutrients received from the maternal blood. For this process to take place the route the blood takes through the body needs to be diverted away from the lungs, as described above the foramen ovale passes blood through the interracial septum from the right atria to the left atria, this enables blood to bypass the right ventricle which intern stops the blood being pumped up the pulmonary artery. There is also a bypass system which connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta; this called the ductus arteriosous which again enables blood to bypass the lungs. The ductus arteriosous and the foramen ovale close at birth with the first breath of the infant, this results in the two circulations of the heart (systemic and pulmonary) working alongside each other to bring homeostasis to the body.

Incorporation of Snake Cult in Indian Religion Essay Example

Incorporation of Snake Cult in Indian Religion Essay Example Incorporation of Snake Cult in Indian Religion Essay Incorporation of Snake Cult in Indian Religion Essay Evolution Deities Aspect Introduction: India has seen the birth of many cults and religions. A lot of factor governs the beginning of these cults. It is common knowledge that many deities in Indian religion were began to worship out of fear. As humans it is soothing for us to believe in a super power which is capable of giving as well as ridding us off our problems. This principle applied for animals too and it became the basis of animal worship in India, as all the existing creatures are either useful of harmful to humans so it is better to worship them. Naga clan of ancient India were the first clan to begin the snake worship. Not only Hinduism but also Buddhism and Jainism are worshiper of snakes. Worshiping the deities of natural elements like water, springs and rivers also are symbolized by the waving form of snakes. Snakes are mostly depicted as gigantic cobras with many hoods or human upper torsos and serpent body and are believed to live in patal loka. Different religions have adopted snake worship for their own reasons. But there has always been a fear of snakes in human beings as they were the reason of many deaths. People also believed that if angered and disrespected snakes will course them and that action may result in sickens or death, and so they started worshiping and offering milk to snakes to please them. Evolution: Worshiping sun and snake with prayers and rituals have been practised in India even before the Vedic times. Snake or serpent worship is one of the oldest â€Å"denominations† of Hinduism. There are various myths associated with the beginning of the snake worship in India. It is believed that the custom of worshiping snakes was incorporated from the â€Å"Naga clan† of ancient India, and the Indo-Aryans carried forward the tradition by continuing to worship various snake deities. According to Puranas, snakes were believed to be offspring of Sage Kashyapa and Kadru. Whereas according Brahmanda Purana snakes were produced from water. The Linga Purana has totally different say on this, it believes that the snakes were produced from the first tear Brahma shaded after realising his inability to create universe single-handedly. Having such a close contact of snakes with varies sages and deities can also be one of the reason of worshiping snakes and association it with mainstream deities. There is mention of snake worship in Atharva Veda too. In Rig Veda, there are hints of snake worship, where earth is considered as the Sarpa-rajni or the queen of the serpents or the queen of all that moves†. On the walls of temples of Medieval era were founded the engraved paintings of snakes. This shows the existence of snake worship from early medieval era and in fact it started 500 years before Buddha’s birth. This tradition is still alive in India and in its religions as well as it got spread across different countries of the world. There are eight pre-eminent snakes mentioned in Hindu mythology having their association with one or the other god or goddess. Sheshnaga, a snake with 1000 heads and a messive hood is believed to have been born of what was left after the universe had been created. She is the couch of Vishnu on which lord rests. It is even believed that earth rests on him. This snake is worshiped as manifestation of lord Vishnu. Ananta, a very long snake, and dark blue in colour is also considered as manifestation of lord Vishnu. This snake is endless, and believed to encircle the whole earth. Vasuki is also considered as one amongst the royal snakes and Naga king with 7 heads. Vasuki means the divine being. He was used as a Churning rope for sumndra manthan. Mansadevi is considered as a queen of snake. She is sister of snake king vasuki. She is goddess who can save mortals from snake bite. Takshaka, saffron coloured snake with 9 hoods is worshiped as lord of nagas. Kaliya, was a five headed demon serpent living in river yamuna. He was a curse for people of vrindavan and have had also troubled Krishna in childhood. But later Krishna subdued him. Padmaka and padmanabha are two snakes believed to guard the south side of the country. And the last snake kulia is a dusky brown snake with half moon crescent on his head. Deities: In India, snake gods are linked with health, wealth and great securities when one is in difficulty as believed by Hindus. Snake gods are believed to live in their separate world. Large numbers of deities like lord Shiva and Vishnu are associated with holy snakes or snake gods in one or the other ways, and so are many temples dedicated to the worshiping of snake. Abul Fazal (the court historian of Akbar) stated that there are 700 places sacred to serpents. Lord Shiva: Lord Shiva has many associations with snakes. According to Puranas, Lord Shiva was associated with Naga cult. Shiva has snakes around his neck, arms, hair and sometimes around his body, symbolizing the yogic power of him for destruction and creation. Snake is compared as yogi living on mountains and forests, who carries nothing, builds nothing, can stay without eating for months living just on air. The Vasuki snake shown curled 3 times around the neck of Shiva symbolizes the time cycle- past present and future. Shiva lingam is also associated with snake and covered with snake hood. In the text of Mahabharata Harivamsa, sheshnaga was connected with Shiva rather than Vishnu as son of him. Lord Vishnu: SheshNaga also called AnantaNag having 1000 heads is the couch of Vishnu, and is also worshiped as a manifestation of Vishnu. Lord is believed to rest on the Nag during the process of destruction and recreation. Earth is believed to respite on SheshNaga. The snake is believed to be a representation of time and symbol of eternity. This snake is manly worship during the sacred Hindu festival of Nagpanchmi. Balram: Balram, elder brother of lord Krishna, is believed to be personification of the snake Ananta. MansaDevi: MansaDevi is sister of Vasuki and snake king Shesha, and she herself is also considered as queen of the snakes, possessing the special powers over the snake venom. Her body is ornamented with snakes. She possesses the power of both destruction and recreation almost like the snake shedding its skin and being reborn. If believed some legends, she is daughter of Lord Shiva with a beautiful mortal woman. MansaDevi is worshiped all across the country as a snake Goddess, and is mainly worshiped during rainy season when snakes are most active, to prevent snakebites. She is believed to be a pre Aryan Goddess worshiped commonly in different parts of West Bengal. Lord Buddha: Snake has always been a vital part of Buddhist icons. The Buddha with naga is called naga Buddha. He is depicted with the coiled up snake serving as cushion with seven heads covering the head of Buddha. Snakes have vital association with Buddha, cause it is believed that during the initial days of Buddha, snake saved the life of lord. According to legend the cobra once tried to harm Buddha but instead saved his life and became his disciple. Parshwanath Parshwanath, the 23rd tirthankar of Jain is most of the time depicted with snake hood over his head. This deity has association with snake before his birth. He is named Parshwanath after his mother saw a black snake crawling by the side of her bed. Parshwanath had soft corner for snakes since childhood. Nagarajan and Nagarani: Nagarajan and Nagarani are the male and female snake gods. Most of the Hindu temples have idols of both Nagarajan and Nagarani. Sarpa yakshi and Naga yakshi are the consorts of Nagaraja. In villages of southern side of India people worship them in their live form. These gods are offered milk and raw eggs to please them. Mannarasala temple is ancient shrine and internationally renowned pilgrimage centre located near Harippad. . Shri Rahu and Shri Ketu: Planetary deities of Hinduism Rahu and Ketu are also worshiped as snake Gods and are mostly have their icons in Lord Vinayaka temple next to him. These deities are associated with the accidents and adversity in the life of people as Shri Rahu is both averter and creator of these adversities, whereas shri Ketu is deity of gnan (knowledge). Some people worship these deities out of fear and to maintain their distance from any hardship in life. If worshiped Rahu and Ketu, one can obtain all the desirable things and fortune in life as they are also associated with horoscopic conditions. Vasuki Vasuki, one of the great kings of Naga with a human head and a gem engraved in his forehead is considered auspicious in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology. According to Hindu mythology, Vasuki served as a rope wrapped around the mountain Mandara, to churn the ocean of milk to decide the victor of immortality between Devas and Asuras. This caused him immense pain which resulted in the exhale of his venom, considered most intoxicating venom ever and enough to destroy all the beings of the universe. To protect everyone from this lord Shiva had to swallow the venom keeping it in his throat. After which Shiva was named Nilkantha too. Vasuki with eight other snake kings were first one to be present during the first preaching of Lord Buddha and have always been even after that. They are considered responsible to save the life of Lord Buddha and are part of many of the Buddhist icons. Talking about snake gods, Sushavas and Padma Nagas were some tutelary snake deities associated with Wular Lake. Nila who is considered as lord of naga is worshiped in Kashmir (Muslim-Dominated city), specially during festivals and snowfalls. There are almost 527 Nagasworshiped in Kashmir itself. Vairoti devi, parshva yaksha, Janguli are some deities from Jainism showed with snakes. Kerala has many temples exclusively for snakes. Mpummaikatu and Mannarsala are some 2 main temples of Kerala worshiping snake gods. In some part of Karnataka and Kerala, Snakes are not associated with particular deities but have their own shrine under a neem tree, in corner of the garden. Killing snakes intentionally, especially cobra results in curse by snake till eternity. Sources: ecoheritage. cpreec. org/Viewcontall. hp? $mFiHPEyWNks6UXr4nWU indiancultureonline. com/details/Snake-Worship. html festivalsofindia. in/nagpanchami/Celebrations. aspx http://zenatrophy. blogspot. com/2010/06/buddha-and-snake-king. html koausa. org/Gods/God9. html http://hubpages. com/hub/THE-SNAKE-GODS-OF-HINDUISM bibliotecapleyades. net/sumer_anunnaki/reptiles/reptiles15. htm theholidayspot. com/nag_panchami/nag_panchami_history. htm indiamike. com/india/ yoga-spirituality-and-religion-in-india-f54/snake-worship-in-india-t8470/

Differences Between Hills and Mountains

Differences Between Hills and Mountains Hills and mountains are both natural land formations that rise out of the landscape. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill. This can make it difficult to differentiate between the two. Mountain Versus Hill There are characteristics that we typically associate with mountains; for example, most mountains have steep slopes and a well-defined summit while hills tend to be rounded. This, however, is not always the case. Some mountain ranges, such as the Pocono Mountains in Pennsylvania, are geologically old and are therefore smaller and more rounded than more classic mountains such the Rocky Mountains in the western United States. Even leaders in geography, like the United States Geological Survey (USGS), do not have an exact definition of a mountain and a hill. Instead, the organizations Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) uses broad categories for most land features, including mountains, hills, lakes, and rivers. Though no one can agree on the heights of mountains and hills, there are a few generally accepted characteristics that define each. An Attempt to Define the Height of a Mountain According to the USGS, up until the 1920s the British Ordnance Survey defined a mountain as a geographic feature rising higher than 1000 feet (304 meters). The United States followed suit and defined a mountain as having a local relief higher than 1000 feet. This definition, however, was dropped in the late 1970s. There was even a movie about the battle over mountain and hill. In  The Englishman That Went Up a Hill and Down a Mountain  (1995, starring Hugh Grant), a Welsh village challenged cartographers attempts to classify their mountain as a hill by adding a pile of rocks to the top. What is a Hill? In general, we think of hills as having a lower elevation than a mountain and  a more rounded/mound shape than a distinct peak. Some accepted characteristics of a hill are: A natural mound of earth created either by faulting or erosion.A bump in the landscape, rising gradually from its surroundings.Low altitude and elevation, often less than 984-1968 feet (300-600 meters).A rounded top with no well-defined summit.Often unnamed.Easy to climb. Hills may have once been mountains that were worn down by erosion over many thousands of years. Contrariwise many mountains- such as the Himalayas in Asia- were created by tectonic faults and would have, at one time, been what we might now consider hills. What is a Mountain? Though  a mountain is typically taller than a hill, there is no official height designation. An abrupt difference in local topography is often described as a mountain, and such features will often have  mount  or mountain  in their name; examples include Mount Hood, Mount Ranier, and Mount Washington. Some accepted characteristics of a mountain are: A natural mound of earth created by faulting.A very steep rise in the landscape that is often abrupt in comparison to its surroundings.High altitude and elevation, often higher than 1968 feet (600 meters).A steep slope and a defined summit or peak.Often has a name.Depending on the slopes and elevation, mountains can be a challenge to climb. Of course, there are exceptions to these assumptions and some features that would otherwise be called mountains have the word hills in their name. For instance, the Black Hills in South Dakota can also be thought of as a small, isolated mountain range. The highest peak is Harney Peak at 7242 feet of elevation and 2922 feet of prominence from the surrounding landscape. The Black Hills received their name from the Lakota Indians who called the mountains  Paha Sapa, or black hills.

Will the next generation have a higher or lower standard of living How Essay

Will the next generation have a higher or lower standard of living How and why - Essay Example Predicting the U.S.’s standard of living in the future is therefore based on the past and its current standard of living. However, prior to anticipating what to come in the future, it is also important to know how exactly to evaluate the standard of living of a nation in general. This is also emphasized in the paper. In Western Nations particularly in the United States, the standard of living is moving to an upward spiral trend. It is quite simple to believe on this. However, there must be enough bases prior to believing on this. It is good to consider how exactly to measure standard of living. Household income and expenditures per capita plus own production can be essential yardsticks for measuring standard of living; however such should be included with health, life expectancy, literacy, and access to public goods or common property resources (World Bank, par. 5). Mostly, all of these yardsticks for the standard of living are commonly used in measuring the country’s standard of living. A country with high household income and expenditure but receiving poor health system, can be considered having poor quality of living. In the same way, a higher literacy rate does not necessarily imply that the country has high quality of living. In fact, even if there is higher literacy rate, but the li fe expectancy rate is shorter, then there must be an implication that there is an existing poor quality of living. Even though it is not a perfect measure of the cost of living, price index can also try to gauge the cost of living (Mankiw, 298). There are many noted disadvantages about price index and this only implies that it cannot be the best tool to gauge the existing standard of living of the country. However, because of some of its important economic implications, at some point there is remarkably significant connection between price index and

Music and Architecture n Britain during the Period 1600 to 1750 Coursework

Music and Architecture n Britain during the Period 1600 to 1750 - Coursework Example The development in architecture has been influenced by a number of happenings in Italy during the initial Baroque period as in the case of Music. Subsequently, by early 18th century the Georgian Architecture evolves from the Baroque as an alternate and not so rich. The literature study will go through these periods of musical and architectural history to delve deeper into the happenings during this period, the development of both and their structure. Baroque period was the beginning of a major change in the approach to music in the Western Europe. The growing power of the Europe both economically and militarily led the music industry also to take its turn and grow. Baroque music is very complicated with motets and madrigals and movement of voices over and across one another creating the opera and the Oratorio. While one had the musical ingredients combined with drama and scenery, the Oratorio did not have the scenery making it just the voice and the music alone (Saddie J A, 1998). Du ring this period of Baroque, there was no piano and it is yet to be invented. The major musical instrument was the violin, which was considered the queen of all instruments. The keyboard instruments are the harpsichord and the organ. The Baroque period also saw the rise of what are called the Orchestras. Chamber music was played by the Chamber Orchestra which had a small group of players playing specific instruments. These were in Trios (3), Quartets (4) or in Quintets (5) and can go up to 10 players in all (Colles 1927). During this period the most common form of music came in as Instrumental Suite. They were mixed with dances so that the music and dance went together along with drama in some cases to make a complete presentation. In Opera, the voice was added. The Baroque Period was made proud by a number of composers and renowned musicians. The early Baroque period is normally looked at as the period between 1600 and 1654. Baroque's dividing line from the Renaissance period starts with the rise of the Opera, the musical drama. This was first staged in Italy by Claudio Monteverdi (Franklin Zimmerman, Jul 1958). This is normally referred to as the 'recitative style' which also permeates architecture and painting. While at the same time, on the music front the major change in the figured bass and in the polyphonic composition in association with the harmonic one. This was also the period when the music was slowly weaned away from the influence of the Catholic Church and a slow but steady move towards secular thought in music came up. The Protestant thought also reflected in the music and most of the developments in music can be attributed to the rising competition between catholic and protestant churches. One of the other major changes in mu sic was the text form of music which could transcend language barriers and was being used in Germany by Heinrich Schutz. This was completely redone from the prima practica, by Monteverdi as seconda practica (musica 2007). The Monteverdi style includes idiomatic writing, virtuoso flourishes and other new techniques. This became the core of the early Baroque Period and goes on up to the very end of this period in 1750. The influence of the Italian composers continued to dominate the music scene during the early

Barriers to Healthcare for Diabetic Ethnic Minorities

Barriers to Healthcare for Diabetic Ethnic Minorities Comparing Barriers to Healthcare in Diabetic Ethnic Minorities in Urban Versus Rural Settings Noreen Choudhary   Issue/Problem There has been abundant research done in the study of ethnic minorities and their access to healthcare. Attention has been paid to common barriers such as language, knowledge and communication, which are all culturally influenced. Most of this research has focused on general access to healthcare and not specific diseases. There is very little reserach on comparing barriers that exist depending on location. The issue I would be exploring in my study is determining the differences in potential barriers that exist in access to healthcare among ethnic minority diabetic individuals in urban versus rural settings. The potential barriers in access should differ depending on the location since the type and amount of resources present varies in both settings. This study hopes to contribute to the literature by focusing on diabetes and determining the differences in barriers that exist for ethnic minorities in the urban versus rural settings. Background The regions with the greatest incidence of diabetes are Africa and Asia, where the rates are expected to rise two or three times (Oldroyd, Banerjee, Heald Cruickshank, 2005). The three countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes are USA, China and India (Oldroyd et al., 2005). The largest increases are expected in Brazil, Indonesia, Bangladesh , Pakistan and Japan (Oldroyd et al., 2005). Type 2 diabetes is most common among ethnic minority groups residing in developed countries (Oldroyd et al., 2005). Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical attention as well as self-management education (American Diabetes Association, 2002). Renfrew et al. (2013) reported on barriers to care present in a Cambodian population near Boston. The study highlighted the importance of a culturally sensitive healthcare system for Cambodians (Renfrew et al., 2013). The researchers found the following barriers in access to healthcare: patients’ views of chronic disease, diabetes management, communication, psycho-social factors, diabetes etiology and explanatory models and fears of interacting with the healthcare system (Renfrew et al., 2013). The researchers were advocating for a culturally sensitive approach to healthcare for this population because most of the barriers identified were culturally influenced. Some of these culturally influenced barriers were patients’ mistrust in the western model of health, replacement by alternative medicine, belief that western medicine is an ‘instant’ cure, and desire to please the practitioners (Renfrew et al., 2013). Researchers found these barriers among other whic h were influenced by cultural beliefs of the patients (Renfrew et al., 2013). Smith, Garie, and Schmitz (2014) illustrated self-reported use of diabetes healthcare services in a Quebec community-based sample. The study found that people with major depression were more likely to be high users or non-users of diabetes healthcare services (Smith, Garie, Schmitz, 2014). People with major depression reported more problems with accessing diabetes healthcare services (Smith, Garie, Schmitz, 2014). People with major depression perceived more problems with the healthcare they received (Smith, Garie, Schmitz, 2014). The results also showed that people with major depression perceived problems with the length of time they had to wait to see a doctor, that there is a lack of specialist care in their area and are more likely to report having problems getting to the doctor due to transportation and health problems (Smith, Garie, Schmitz, 2014). The low service users represent a particularly vulnerable group who may need to be targeted by interventions in order to encoura ge them to visit a doctor (Smith, Garie, Schmitz, 2014). The finding in this study was important because it showed that perceived problems with accessing healthcare services could impact utilization of healthcare. Wagner et al. (2013) reports on the effects of trauma on the risk for disease development and access to healthcare. Mental health problems among Southeast Asian refugees are well known but the long term affects of mass violence as re-settled refugees age are less well described (Wagner et al., 2013). This study investigated any potential relationship that may exist between trauma symptoms, self-reported health outcomes, and barriers to healthcare among Cambodian and Vietnamese persons in Connecticut (Wagner et al., 2013). Healthcare access and occurrence were measured regarding patient-provider understanding, cost and access, and interpretive services (Wagner et al., 2013). Individuals with greater levels of trauma symptoms were associated with greater lack of understanding, cost and access problems, and the need for an interpreter (Wagner et al., 2013). Although these Southeast Asian immigrants arrived to United States as refugees more than 20 years ago, there continues to be high l evels of trauma symptoms among this population which are associated with increased risk for disease and decreased access to healthcare services (Wagner et al., 2013). This article was interesting because it didn’t mention the usual barriers we talk about when it comes to access to healthcare (such as language). The last article I found was titled, ‘Diabetes care quality is a question of location’ by The Press Association. The article talks about the standard of diabetes healthcare in England depending on a postcode lottery (The Press Association, 2013). The quality of care patients receive depends whether it’s provided by a GP or a hospital, it depends on the location (The Press Association, 2013). The report found big regional differences in patients’ access to quality, integrated care (The Press Association, 2013). Some areas were four times more likely to get annual checks needed to manage their conditions (The Press Association, 2013). This article is similar to my research project however instead of rural and urban settings, it focused on location in terms of where healthcare was sought, a clinic, hospital, or GP (The Press Association, 2013). Purpose/Aim of your Project The aim of my research proposal is to identify any potential barriers that may exist in access to healthcare among ethnic minority diabetics in rural versus urban settings. My original research proposal was investigating potential barriers in access to healthcare among ethnic minority diabetics without the location factor. When I started looking up literature, I found there was already enough information in this area and my research wouldn’t add anything distinctive to this field. I started reading more articles and doing a literature review, I didn’t find any studies comparing potential barriers in urban and rural settings. After reviewing the comments I received from the professor after the first assignment, I was actively looking for gaps in research when reading articles. Therefore, I decided to alter my original question after I found this gap. If there are differences in the types of barriers present in these two distinct settings, then hopefully my research would bring this to the forefront of healthcare providers and policymakers and would result in equitable care in urban and rural settings. Rationale/justification Canada is known for its multiculturalism with Ontario being the most ethnically diverse province [3]. Almost 13.4% of Canadians identified themselves as being a visible minority in the 2001 census [3]. Since diabetes is most prevalent in ethnic minorities and Canada is one of the most ethnically diverse countries, it’s understandable why there is an abundance of research in this field. There is a currently a gap in research that my research would potentially fulfill. While reading articles present in my field of interest, I couldn’t find any that compared barriers in access to healthcare present in urban versus rural settings. This sort of information is necessary for policymakers to reduce or even eliminate these barriers to achieve high quality of care for diabetic individuals in the future. If the results conclude that the barriers present in the urban settings differ from the ones present in the rural setting, then there is work to be done. We must ensure health equity when it comes to access to healthcare and eliminate any geographical factors that come into play. We must ensure healthy places for all individuals but especially diabetics who require a lot of social and medical support. Also, the need for culturally appropriate health care to accommodate the unique needs of ethnic minorities. The other research gap I found was studies didn’t talk about information loss during translations, either during patient and practitioner interactions or researcher and patient interactions. I think it’s an important factor to consider in studies consisting of subjects who speak another language. For instance, in one study the researchers found that patients didn’t understand the concept of chronic disease and I believe that this was due to information loss during translation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide healthcare professionals with information on the different barriers that exist among urban and rural settings in order to achieve health equity. Researchable research question The research question for my study is: What are potential barriers in access to health care among ethnic minorities with diabetes in the urban versus the rural settings? Intellectual guideposts Ontology is the theory of being or what reality fundamentally is, in social sciences it is closely linked with ethical implications (David Sutton, 2011). The basic premise of phenomenological ontology is that for humans reality is not something separate from its appearance (David Sutton, 2011). The way we think about ourselves is fundamental to what we are (David Sutton, 2011). For me, I think that health is a fundamental aspect of being human, it’s a basic right and an underlying factor in our existence. All individuals should have access to healthcare and this access should be equitable, regardless of one’s location. The particular ‘epistemological’ (theory of knowledge) stance (positivist, critical theoretical or interpretivist) will be grounded in assumptions about the basic character of being human (David Sutton, 2011). My research project is rooted in the interpretivist paradigm because I believe that access to healthcare is an important aspect of being human. Health is an important part of being human and to achieve this health, we need a culturally sensitive and acceptable healthcare system for ethnic minorities. Axiology is about the values each individual has and its influence on their research [print]. There are no value-free sociologies, values are foundational for knowledge-producing systems [print]. The topic of this study began with a personal experience I have with diabetes but eventually filtered out to form a researchable question that could add value to the field. Coming from a background in biology, we are taught that there is something wrong with the body and it needs to be fixed, that health is solely a biological factor. This was purely based in a positivist paradigm which is aligned with quantitative research. I believe that healthcare access regardless of ethnicity, location, age, sex, or gender is crucial for all humans. Coming from a country with a poor healthcare system also influences my view in terms of healthcare access. I believe that health has a strong social component which cannot be measured quantitatively and thus I adopted an interpretivist and qualitative approa ch for my study. The best way to undergo my study would be by utilizing a qualitative approach, more specifically, open-ended interviews. I want to gain insight into the barriers that are present for each individual from these ethnically diverse backgrounds. I want to understand their perspective and beliefs, and how these influence their use of the healthcare system. After I understand these barriers, I will compare the difference in the types of barriers that are present among those living in the urban and rural settings. Since I am using open ended interviews, I believe the best rhetorical choice would be passive. I believe the participants in the study should have the freedom to talk in depth about the issue at hand. I don’t want to influence their answers in any way but at the same time they should have the opportunity to freely express themselves. Especially in my study which includes ethnic minorities, there may be language barriers present so this freedom to answer freely would be a pl us for the participants. Interpretive/theoretical frame My research project will be embedded in the interpretive paradigm. More specifically, I will be adopting the constructionism theory. â€Å"Constructionists focus on how people create meaningful social reality for themselves through their interactions and thereby create a sense of order through shared beliefs (David Sutton, 2011).† Constructionists adopt qualitative approaches such as interviews and unstructured observation (David Sutton, 2011). I believe that culture is important in defining health, it influences our behaviour in terms of how we access and utilize our healthcare system. For example, Renfrew et al. (2013) talked about how people’s perceptions on chronic illness affected their use of the healthcare system. One’s culture, beliefs, views and attitudes affects their behaviour in terms of healthcare use. This is relevant to my research project because I want to understand the barriers that exist for ethnic minorities with diabetes but with the added element of comparing these barriers in two settings: urban and rural. References: American Diabetes Association. (2002). Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 25, 533-549. David, M., Sutton, C. (2011). Social research: An introduction. London : Sage Publications. Oldroyd, J., Banerjee, M., Heald, A., Cruickshank, K. (2005). Diabetes and ethnic minorities. Postgrad Medical Journal, 81, 486-490. Renfrew, M. R., Taing, E., Cohen, M. J., Betancourt, J. R., Pasinski, R., Green, A. R. (2013). Barriers to care for Cambodian patients with diabetes: Results from a qualitative study. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Undeserved, 24(1), 633-655. Smith, Garie, Schmitz (2014). Self-reported use of diabetes healthcare services in a Quebec community-based sample: impact of depression status. Public Health, 128, 63-69. The Press Association. (2013, December 10). Diabetes care quality is question of location. Nursing Times. Retrieved from http://www.nursingtimes.net/home/clinical-zones/diabetes/diabetes-care-quality-is-question-of-location/5066307.article Wagner et al. (2012). Trauma, healthcare access, and health outcomes among Southeast Asian refugees in Connecticut. Journal Immigrant Minority Health, 15, 1065–1072. Peer Feedback Form Is it clear what issue or problem the author will investigate through this study? Explain. Yes, the author is studying healthcare access by immigrants from two different backgrounds: those from developed countries and those from underdeveloped countries. It is evident in the assignment what the researcher will be trying to determine and why they have chosen to do so. There is a gap in understanding barriers in access to healthcare that exist between immigrants from developing countries and those from developed countries. Is the approach chosen, qualitative or quantitative a suitable choice, and will it bring insight into the research question? Explain. The approach is qualitative and this is a suitable choice. Since the researcher wants to understand why people over or under use the healthcare system and wants their opinion/views, it’s best to use a qualitative approach. By using interviews, for example, they can gain insight into the factors that influence people to use or not use the healthcare system in their country. Has the author explained connections to the literature, including what gaps exist in our knowledge about the topic? Explain. Yes, the author has clearly explained why they want to do this research and what gap it will fill. They have mentioned that previous research has been done on immigrants and access to healthcare, however, none have focused on the differences in this access based on country of origin (developed/developing). Are the aims of this project clear and well written? Explain. Yes, the aims are quite clear. The author wants to understand the factors that prevent immigrants from using the healthcare system based on their country of origin, the Western or Eastern countries. They want to compare these factors and understand if any differences exist. Is the research question clearly stated? Is it researchable? Does it fit well within approach the author has selected? Explain. The question is clearly stated and is researchable. It will fit with the qualitative approach that the researcher has chosen because it will allow them to understand from the immigrants’ views why they chose or didn’t choose to utilize the healthcare system. They want to understand the barriers that exist for them individually and thus, the best approach is to use qualitative methods. Has the author properly and convincingly used the intellectual guideposts for research, explaining her or his project and position relative to these? Explain. Yes, the author used the intellectual guideposts to explain her position on each one. The use of the constructionism theory in this research proposal makes sense. They want to understand the barriers that exist for each individual and this is influenced by how people create and perceive their realities, the basis of constructionism. Is it clear which paradigm and theoretical frame will be used in this study? Explain. It is quite evident that this research is based on the interpretive paradigm. As she stated in this assignment, â€Å"The largest factor guarding our interpretations of the social world is culture.† This perfectly fits with this research study because I’m sure that most of the barriers that exist in access to healthcare are influenced by culture. This is especially true for most immigrants who come from countries that are different culturally. What suggestions can you make or ideas can you bring to enhance the overall clarity of the proposal? Explain. Overall the assignment was very well done, however, I’m just wondering if you are concentrating on new or long term immigrants. I think this would potentially affect the types of barriers that are present. For example, language or knowledge would be more of a barrier for newer immigrants. Maybe you could control for this aspect, as it could be a potential confounder. Good luck! 1

Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom

Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom with comparison to the United States HSM-310 Introduction to Health Services Management Course Project Date submitted: 10/18/2009 Table of Contents Executive Summary Population and Health Status†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Demographic characteristics of population Mortality, Infant mortality data, causes of death *Availability of Health Services* Basic organization/general description of services institutions, providers of care Issues related to access Utilization of services (data, if available) Other related information/analysis Expenditures How are health services paid for; any roles for the government here Data on total expenditures *Macro environmental influences on the health care system* Public Private *Summary comments* Problems Opportunities Other related comments regarding this country's health care services Comparison to the United States: what works better, what is not working as well†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Concluding comments: Lessons learned for the U. S. , other countries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bibliography (required)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Executive Summary The United Kingdom’s population is growing and the people are living longer, this could be due to the fact that healthcare is free and people are using it when they need it and not waiting to see a doctor when they can afford it. However, with the growing size of the population the cost of healthcare is rising and the need for funding the tax financed health plan needs to be reformed. Hopefully by seeing what other countries use to have a successful health care plan the UK can implement some of their ideas with their own and ucceed at having an efficient and effective health plan that delivers the highest quality of health care. Population and Health Status in the United Kingdom The Office of National Statistics reported that the population in the United Kingdom (UK) was 61. 4 million people in mid-2008, which is a 408,000 increase from the year before. The rise in population over the past 12 months is not due to migration but to the increased number of birth s and the decreased number in deaths (ONS, 2008). It seems that the people in the UK are living longer and leading healthier lifestyles than in the past. The life expectancy at the time of birth for males is 76. 52 years and 81. 63 for females, and the infant mortality rate is 4. 85 deaths per 1000 births (Flag Counter, 2009). Below are the top ten leading causes of death in the United Kingdom: Ischemic heart disease Lower Respiratory infections Cerebrovascular disease Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Colon and rectum cancers Breast Cancer Alzheimer and other dementias Prostate Cancer 10. Lymphomas, multiple myeloma (WHO,2009) Here in the US we share many of these leading causes except for Lymphomas and Prostate cancer, we add traffic accidents and diabetes mellitus. I would assume this is because Americans drive more than the British and that the general population of the US is overweight, which is a leading cause of diabetes. The US and the UK share nearly the same life expectancy and the infant mortality rate is a bit higher here in the US. Overall the US and the UK share little difference when it comes to life expectancy, infant mortality and the leading causes of death. Availability of Services The UK has a National Health Service (NHS) that is a publicly funded health care service. The NHS is divided into two different sections: primary and secondary care. The primary care section consists of General practice physicians, dentists, optometrists and pharmacist, the primary care section is referred to as the Primary Care Trust (PCT). The Secondary section is made up of acute or elective healthcare options, such as emergency and urgent care, ambulance and surgery, these acute services are referred to as NHS trusts. The PCT oversees around 29,000 GP’s and 18,000 dentists, there are around 175 acute NHS trusts, 60 mental health NHS trusts and 1600 NHS trusts hospitals. Emergency vehicles are also provided by an NHS ambulance services trusts; there are 11 of these ambulance services trust in England (NHS, 2009). The healthcare facilities are basically the same as they are here in the US; there are hospitals, clinics, urgent care facilities, doctor’s offices and pharmacies. The main concern with the access of healthcare in the UK is the waiting times to be seen by a specialist after being referred by a primary physician. In England the wait time is around 18 weeks to see a specialist. Many patients in the UK have said that there is difficulty in accessing GP on the weekends or after-hours as well. As with other nations the UK also has a shortage of healthcare workers which increases the wait times and the quality of care that patients are receiving. The main focus of the NHS is to provide the highest quality of care as well as decreasing the wait times and adding more healthcare facilities. Expenditures The NHS was built on the ideal that healthcare should be provided to everyone regardless of wealth. With the exception of charges for some prescriptions and optical and dental services, the NHS remains free at the point of use for anyone who is resident in the UK. It covers everything from antenatal screening and routine treatments for coughs and colds to open heart surgery, accident and emergency treatment and end-of-life care. The NHS is a tax financed healthcare system, the public pays a higher tax for their healthcare to be free. The Department of Health much like that in the US, oversees the NHS. All employees of the NHS are government employees and are by paid by the government. There is a very small private sector of healthcare in the UK and if you either be seen by an NHS physician or by a private physician whom you would pay out-of-pocket to see. The responsibility for health legislation and policy rests in the hands of the government at the Parliament of Westminster. The treasury/finance ministry set a budget and that determines what share of government receipt will be used to finance the healthcare system. The budget is done in three year cycles. In 2004 the total healthcare expenditure in the UK was 101 billion pounds the funding for NHS alone was 86. 6 billion pounds. The expenditure on healthcare is continually rising. Here in the US the healthcare system is privately funded through grants, donations and fees for service. We pay insurance to cover our healthcare costs or we pay out of pocket for the services. There has been some concern on whether or not the UK NHS system will continue to work, taxes will need to increase and there will need to be more funding. There is a push to have a mixed system that is both private and public. *Macro environmental *Influences There is a common problem with the migrant jump to the UK to take advantage of the healthcare and the citizens are footing the bill. The need for funding for NHS is rising and there is concern on how they are going to continue to pay for the services. The UK is in need of a plan to implement a privately funded healthcare service alongside the tax financed service. Implement co-pays on some of the services that are provided and take into consideration the benefits of including the private sector. Summary Overall the UK has a well implemented plan for their healthcare services, the problems that they face are the same that are faced by many other countries, from funding to the quality and the accessibility of services. In comparison to the US the UK faces many of the same issues, the shortage of healthcare professionals to the need for reform. The universal health care plan has worked for the UK and the private plan has worked for the US in the past but now there needs to be changes made because of the rising cost of healthcare in both countries. The UK is learning that there is a need for change and that by seeing other countries such as the US use private health insurance plans they can create some kind of balance. Bibliography

Are Viruses Living - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 382 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Biology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Case Study: Are Viruses Living? Dear Students, You came to me asking a question that has puzzled mankind ever since we have discovered them. Are viruses alive? Are the chicken pox, flu, HIV, and H1N1 viruses living? They are among the smallest microbes, but they can make people fell ill. So are they living or not? In my opinion, viruses are not alive. All living things have the same basic characteristics. According to Document B, organisms maintain homeostasis. Also, living creatures are made up of one or more cells, the building blocks of life. In addition, all animals and plants and bacteria grow and develop. Moreover, they all have to have genetic information (DNA or RNA). Lastly, organisms require energy and nutrients, have to reproduce, and they respond to their environment. For example, the Melospiza melodia, or the song sparrow, is a living creature. Why is this so? Well it has all of the requirements; like it has DNA and is made up of cells. Likewise, it also maint ains homeostasis. Does it respond to the environment? Well if it is raining then it would most likely find shelter. Also does it eat and have offspring? Yes it does. The Melospiza melodia has just proved that it is a living creature. Proving that a virus is a living creature is another story. This is so because a virus straddles the line between living and nonliving. Yes it is true that a virus has genetic information. It is also true that they â€Å"know† how to copy themselves. Yet, they do not grow and develop, or respond to the environment. Think of viruses resembling robots programmed to do one thing, make copies of them. That is why viruses do not grow or develop or respond to the environment. They do not require food or energy or nutrients. They do not need to maintain homeostasis because they do not have a homeostasis to maintain. They reproduce by taking over other cells and by using their energy, they make copies of themselves, all programmed to do the same th ing. So in a nutshell, viruses are not alive. They may have some of the characteristics of an organism, but not all. I hope that I gave you the answer you were looking for. Sincerely, Emily Bunce, Microbiologist Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Are Viruses Living?" essay for you Create order

Obesity And Its Effects On Obesity - 4444 Words

Obesity In China Asma Shaikh PH 606 Regis College 2015 Obesity in many parts of the world has become an ongoing problem. Many health risks are associated with it and have caused numerous deaths. Obesity victims have a shorter life expectancy and in most cases it could have been prevented. After the 1980’s China began to notice a pattern of its population, in adults but also adolescent. With numbers continuing to grow of obese children and adults, the government had to get involved. To create policies and programs at the community level by reaching out to adults but also focusing on the youth to give them a healthier lifestyle in their future. Over the years studies have been done to fine-tune policies to be most†¦show more content†¦The United States has built itself a reputation of being the unhealthiest nation, due to growing percentages of obesity. Many may not know it, but obesity is a world wide epidemic, falling right under the united states in numbers of obesity influenced lifestyles is China. The numbers continue to grow; obesity has nearly doubled across the globe since the year 1980. Before 1980, of the world’s population roughly 30% were considered overweight. In about 30 years, post 1980 the percentage for men as increased to 37% from 29% and for women 38% from 30%. Data collected in 2014 showed that out of the average percentage of 39% of adults over the age of 18 were overweight and out of that 39%, 13% were obese. Obesity has taken more lives then people being underweight. Obesity does not only affect adults, 42 million children were deemed obese according to research conducted by the WHO and this was primarily for children under the age of 5. A condition that is highly preventable yet precautions have taken a long time to develop. The chart shows the countries that are most effected by obesity and the changes it has gone through in the past 30 years and the 30 years leading up to 1980. As it shows it has increased quite a bit. Excessive accumulation of body fat creates a larger risk factor for health. The body mass index of a person determines which range