The Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare - 1097 Words

From the societal struggles of women in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, to the story of Nora and her domineering and overbearing husband, Torvald, in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, the theme of oppression and mistreatment of women has been prevalent throughout literature. The play The Taming of the Shrew, by William Shakespeare, examines this theme by detailing the female-pursuits of 3 men, Lucentio, Hortensio, and Petruchio, and their respective methods of â€Å"seduction†. While Lucentio lies in order to attract Bianca and Hortensio elects to marry a woman simply for her wealth, Petruchio, to the surprise of the other male characters, marries a foul-tempered and sharp-tongued â€Å"shrew†, Katherine. After their wedding, Petruchio, a selfish and volatile braggart, subjugates his wife’s temper by clandestinely subjecting her to sleep deprivation and starvation. By the end of the play, Petruchio seems to have â€Å"tamed† Kate, as s he is ludicrously compliant with his whims, and defensive of his statements. The question remains however, why did men in this society feel the necessity to assert their dominance in almost every realm of life? By examining the attitudes of the characters Hortensio, Lucentio, and Petruchio, the interactions between them, and the outcomes of their marriages, Shakespeare asserts that societal expectations of masculinity, rather than the nature of man himself, produce the attitude of overbearing dominance and is thus the cause of the mistreatment of women. InShow MoreRelatedThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1316 Words   |  6 Pagespatriarchy, and have conquered in achieving a worthy opinion of their genders. In the taming of the Shrew, William Shakespeare expresses the Elizabethan views of oppressive gender roles and the expectations of the submissive behavior of women. This play is about a man named Petruchio who is trying to tame a â€Å"shrew† Katharina .The play is misogynistic, which is apparent through the constant need for Petruchio to tame the shrew, Katherina, women’s dependence on men, and the ownership of women in the play.Read MoreThe Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare1321 Words   |  5 PagesFrom youth we have been showered with tales of true love’s kiss and of Prince Charming breaking the Evil Queen’s curse. Time and again, we are made to see the power of love. In the play, â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† by William Shakespeare, the renowned playwright takes love deeper than just passion. Shakespeare goes under the surface of love, all the way to its core. The story truly begins as Baptista Minola’s two daughters are readied for marriage: Bianca the sweet and innocent; Katherina the shrewdRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare was written in the latter years of the Elizabethan Era. In this play, Shakespeare looks at the themes of womanhood, patriarchy, courtship, and marriage, which are topics prevalent in Elizabethan Era. Amongst citizens, the topics hold strict beliefs in the public space. This play that illustrates a woman with such self-control and individualism, get forced into the life of a weak woman beholden to her husband. A once strong and domination female characterRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare will appeal to Kalidasa because mos t of his plays are based on Puranas and this play can be used to show the values of Hindu Puranas and respect toward the deities. Hindu Puranas, ancient Indian literature about myths and legends, like Mahabharata teach the society about deed, religion, respect, knowledge, and royalty. Kalidasa can use Shakespeare’s play to reteach Mahabharata’s values, since the play presents themes of wealth, gender role, religiousRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1612 Words   |  7 Pagespast, women were oppressed because they were not allowed to work and control aspects of their lifestyle, such as working themselves, rather they were forced to marry and depend on their spouses. William Shakespeare chose to present this concept through Katherina’s character in the play The Taming of The Shrew. Throughout the play, Katherina is seems to be untamable due to the manner in which she is first introduced, her attitude changes too abruptly for it to be convinci ng, and that she is either puttingRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, it is an epic battle of the sexes. In the era that this play was written (Elizabethan), women were told what to do, how to act, and who to be. That is why Katherine is such a fascinating yet confusing character in this play. In this piece, the protagonist Kate is very complex and has many different, unique sides to her personality, which is frowned upon in this time. Before Katherine even spoke in this play she was this horrible, shrewish girl. WhenRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1255 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, it focuses on two sisters who must get married however, the oldest must get married first. Here, Shakespeare presents to the audience, Katharina Minola. Katharina is portrayed as an outspoken and stubborn woman. In the pla y, Kate cannot find a husband because of her aggressive personality, the men speak negatively about her and believe she is not a fit woman to marry. Although, in the play it may seem like Kate will never find a husbandRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare Essay2088 Words   |  9 PagesPetruchio’s Change In the play Taming of the Shrew, written by William Shakespeare, many characters are reshaped and given new personality traits. Petruchio is known as being a cocky man who intends to help tame a shrewish young lady named Kate. There are many critics that believe Petruchio is solely obnoxious and a bully but through out his interactions with Kate it is shown that he truly cares about the well being of others. Of course at the beginning of Petruchio’s plan to tame a young ladyRead MoreEssay on The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare1088 Words   |  5 Pages The Taming of the Shrew, written by William Shakespeare, is historical proof that flirting and temptation, relating to the opposite sex, has been around since the earliest of times. Because males and females continue to interact, the complications in this play remain as relevant and humorous today as they did to Elizabethan audiences. This is a very fun play, full of comedy and sexual remarks. Its lasting impression imprints itself into the minds of its readers, for it is an unforgettableRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Taming Of The Shrew889 Words   |  4 PagesIn many accounts, William Shakespeare’s Taming Of The Shrew, is often criticized for its seemingly misogynistic themes; such as the thought of â€Å"taming† a woman, thus making her completely submissive to her husband. While in the opening of the play, Katharine, ill-tempered but seemingly impenetrable, gets pulverized by Petruchio’s contradicting her words, and also saying disgusting jokes in an int ense verbal arguement. In another example, one of the other main characters, Bianca, was bet on by several

Dialectics Free Essays

Dialectics has been considered as one of the three original liberal arts known to classical philosophers as the Trivium, with the other two as rhetoric and grammar Dialectics Dialectics has been considered as one of the three original liberal arts known to classical thinkers as the Trivium, with the other two as rhetoric and grammar. During the ancient times in Greece, dialectic’s forte was at the affairs of persuasion, very much like its sister counterpart rhetoric. Dialectic’s purpose was to resolve discrepancies and disagreements through logical and rational discourses. We will write a custom essay sample on Dialectics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The simple approach and explanation to how dialectics work is through the three step process of thesis-antithesis-synthesis, which was postulated by a German idealist philosopher named Georg Wilhelm Freidrich Hegel. He identified that for which, say a given premise, would be the emergence of a proposition (the theses) only later to be refuted (hence the anti-thesis of it). Being in this state of unacceptability, the only alternative is to arrive at a higher understanding or denial of the supposed presupposition of the thesis and anti-thesis forming a third proposition termed as the synthesis. A more simple and un-Hegelian example to understand dialectics is, let’s suppose you just got a hold of a brand new cell phone. Being new to you, you have a limited understanding of it. You start on a state of ignorance knowing that its only purpose or the only reason for having one is to enable you to communicate. (thesis) Sooner or later, one way or another, the batteries will run out(assuming it is not a solar powered device) and it will stop functioning, hence the opposite of communicating or not being able to communicate. anti-thesis) Only then when you have a deeper understanding that for a cell phone to work and operate it needs a power source and learning the concept of recharging/changing the power source(a synthesis is reached and you gain a higher knowledge about the cell phone)will you get it to function properly again. Frederick Engels and Karl Marx, two very well-known revolutionary thinkers during their time applied this philosophical thought in studying the ideal and material condition of the world. It has been the theoretical foundation of Marxism which led to the development of dialectic materialism, which is simply the combination of Hegel’s theory of Dialectics and Materialism and Historical Materialism, the application of dialectic materialism in studying history. The first principle of dialectics according to Frederick Engels is that everything, be it physical and material objects to real world processes, is made of opposing forces or opposing sides. (Fleck) To elaborate on this principle just look at everything around you. Everything works like a magnet. Objects hold each other because of the opposing forces that keep them from flying separately. The chair you sit on tries to break away from the earth, but the planet’s gravity keeps it from doing so, the sun is held together by gravity which counteracts the nuclear reaction from its core. Even seemingly abstract concepts are made of opposites. For instance, to have an idea of the concept of bad, we need an idea of what is good, to have an idea of what is hot, we need an idea of what is cold and so forth. This is what Engel called the interpenetration of opposites which he frequently referred to as the unity of opposites. Many critics have argued on this property of dialectics which up to until now, many thinkers, new and old alike have yet to settle. Another important principle of dialectics that Engel stated in his work about dialectics is that in everything, gradual changes lead to turning points. (Fleck) What happens is that the two opposing forces in a process of change push against each other. Change would be gradual if one side is stronger than the other one. But when the other side becomes stronger, there is a turning point, much like when too much trees is cut down in a mountain slope, a mud slide occurs (turning point), you heat a kernel of corn until it turns into popcorn (turning point). This is what Engel referred to as the principle of the transformation of quantity into quality. Quantitative change results from the steady but continuous dominance of one opposing side or force. Things then follow a qualitative change when the other or opposite side dominates the other. The third principle of dialectics is that changes moves in spirals, not circles. (Fleck) Around us processes of change are cyclical in the sense that at first, one side dominates, then the other as in the cycle of day and night, breathing in and breathing out, one opposite then another. Engels claims things turn in cycles. However, it is not indispensable that they would return to where they came from and how they started. It is therefore cyclical but not circular. Change is ever-changing, moving in spirals. This principle is referred to by Engels as the law of negation of negation. This seemingly complex principle, according to Engel goes on and on in everyday life. This happens when one side overpowers the other making the first negation. The dominated side then overpowers the dominating side at some point making the second negation. This is what law of negation of negation explains. In real-life drama, dialectics play a crucial role, in communication specifically in day-to-day normal conversations more than we ought to think. Traditionally, dialectics has been considered as a linguistic process that leads to generation of new ideas and thought by one’s apprehension of a contradiction and paradox between two or more opposites. It layman’s term, a conversation starts with stating a point of view followed by the others verification of its validity or questioning it from other points of view. In this whole conversation process, the clash of ideas or propositions trying to reach a consensual agreement which in turn is still ultimately questioned from other perspectives. Much like dialectics, in dialogues there is an imminent clash of ideas that are going on between individuals which ultimately lead to a consensus. The use of the dialectical approach or method in analyzing our history has long been used by its pioneer thinkers, more notable in arts, philosophy, science and religion. This may have been due to the analytical and critical capability of dialectics in explaining why and how changes occur which is essential for historians in probing the past. By pinpointing what stream of thinking and clashing ideas during a particular epoch, much can be surmised to wisely presuppose what will would or could happen next. Dialectics is essential in understanding fully the how’s and the why’s of how things happen. It provides the tool that gives wisdom on knowing the factors of change in a society and how it is ultimately molded and formed. Another concept that is noteworthy in the field of dialectics is called the â€Å"principal contradiction†, termed by Mao Zedong. This is defined as the contradiction in all things that needs to be resolved first and foremost. In determining what the principal contradiction in a thing, it is necessary to look at the overall or main goal of it. The three principle of dialectics namely. (1)the unity of opposites,(2)quantity into quality, and (3)negation of negation fits clearly on how to identify and possibly solve the principal contradiction in our society though it does not give a clear blueprint on what should be done. How to cite Dialectics, Papers

Geordano-Positioning For International Expanion Essay Sample free essay sample

Question 1: Describe and measure Giordano’s merchandise. concern. and corporate schemesMerchandise: Giordano’s chief product’s is insouciant apparels for work forces. adult females and kids. They have different sort of trade names which include Giordano. Giordano Ladies. and Giordano Junior. This concern is a retail merchant itself. They started their concern in twelvemonth 1980 in Hong Kong. They sold a legion sort of apparels to their clients to all sort of ages. Giordano has become a innovator is client service in Asian Pacific Regions. Giordano focuses on five corporate values which include quality. cognition. simpleness and service. However. in recent old ages they have been coming up with their trade name chiefly because of the services provided. These services were provided by the employees and the gross revenues individual go toing those clients at runing degree. The recognition goes to both direction and the employees whose nucleus aim was client satisfaction. The construct of value for money explained by Lai the president and laminitis of Giordano is that â€Å"Consumers are larning a batch better about what value is. So we ever ask ourselves how can we sell it cheaper. do it more convenient for the consumer to purchase and present faster today that [ we did ] yesterday. That is all value. because convenience is the value for the consumer. Time is value for the client. † The construct of Value for money is to keep the credibleness towards clients and maintaining them happy and satisfied. Their schemes are usually on the construct of high quality and giving the best services. Their product’s large name is in Asiatic states. Business: Giordano’s chief scheme is to understand their clients as to how they respond on their merchandises and this follows the scheme of merchandises. Their chief purpose is become the taking retail merchant store all over the universe under cost so that their customer’s are happy. However. they are really similar to the American trade name â€Å"The Gap† as per selling same sort of merchandises but with different trade names and different manner. But they have different sort of concern schemes and different targeted market. Corporate: Corporate Schemes followed by Giordano are chiefly sing the corporate market of rivals and other supplies or makers. The chief targeted state for Giordano is China. Whereby. it’s easy for them to organize with the supplies for the good quality merchandises. However. as the economic system goes down China was the first to see a bad flow in their economic system. But Giordano chief scheme was to keep the singularity and quality of the merchandises no affair how bad is the economic system. Question 2: Describe and measure Giordano’s current placement scheme. Should Giordano repositing itself against its rivals in its current and new markets. and should it hold different placement schemes for different positioning schemes? Giordano’s current placement scheme is value for money. This means that Giordano believes in making and keeping client satisfaction. Consumers are given more penchants in their concern. However. at runing degree it is the employees and gross revenues people who are go toing these clients. but they are non paid as they are suppose to acquire paid. For this Giordano provides its employees bonuses all over the twelvemonth and different sort of foliages. These sorts of services are besides known as service distinction. Other sort of positioning scheme followed by Giordano is ware to their clients in such a manner that the monetary value is still low-cost and their merchandise remains alone because of their quality. Giordano should shift itself in the current market and the new markets because they have adequate celebrity with the trade name â€Å"Giordano† . The direction has ways to do money and to work on the construct of value for money. Employee’s efficiency and velocity up when out of stock has brought a good repute in the bing market. Giordano is non traveling to confront any sort of hazard involved if they are willing to spread out their concern or repositing in new markets. However. making the same value of clients and client satisfaction will take some clip which is non at all specified. At the same clip it can besides do problems to bing market due to the mark section. This might being up some issues for shifting themselves in the new market and the customer’s respond is difficult to foretell. The lone construct and thought they have is the client services which are given to all its clients from different portion of the universe. Second. they should keep the quali ty and the ware of low-cost cost towards its clients. Last. they should convey up and better their service distinction in the markets as compared to the bing markets. This will take them to make client consciousness to their merchandise and maintain them happy. Company might besides better their services in this manner. We think that if Giordano is ready to place them self in new market and repositing in the bing one so they should besides make different sort of schemes so that they can see different sort of respond. They should work on those schemes which are non followed in Asiatic states. However. looking at the economic system and if its dining so they consumers passing power additions because their income besides increases. At this point Giordano can really new merchandises and new schemes so that clients are cognizant of company’s being in bad and good times of the economic system. Apparently. this will increase Giordano merchandise monetary values and higher value trade name. They should place them self in the new market easy as the economic system rises. Due to economical crisis it will be difficult for Giordano to catch up with customer’s attractive forces which lead to company to non understand and the client and clients will be confused with their trade name in the new marke t. Question 3: What are Giordano’s ‘key success factors’ and beginnings of competitory advantage? Are its competitory advantages sustainable. and how would they develop in the hereafter? The cardinal success factors of Giordano are that they have controlled their budget on advertisement and have kept a really good system for entering the stock list. They have kept a truly good and effectual system which records their stock list and sends a study to gross revenues and distribution section at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. The bringing of the new stock is done in the dark and stock list is available before they open their shops. This system is computerized and there different sort of flows of transmits informations in different subdivisions. The control on stock is usually on those merchandises whose demand is more than other merchandises depending on the seasonal offers provided by Giordano in different states. Consumers usually tend to purchase merchandises which are â⠂¬Å"discount or on sale† . The competitory advantage for Giordano is the trade name itself. Giordano has a good repute in the market and therefore people are usually happy and satisfied with the services and goods provided by them. However. the employees appointed are good trained and hired by professional interviewers. In return these employees are non paid every bit good as other companies do. but Giordano offers them bonuses all over the twelvemonth. One good advantage is that fewer employees at every Giordano are given few rights to take any sudden or of import determination which saves clip and make trust among employee and employer. Yes. these advantages are sustainable because among these advantages no rival has really stood up in the market to vie with Giordano and therefore. they are one of the taking corporations in services universe which are provided to both client and employer. Giordano was besides awarded at different sort of topographic points for maintaining their trade name as a familiar trade name to the universe in about 30-40 states all over the universe. All of these advantages are occurred presently. However. in future they can still make consciousness in clients by bettering their services. doing proper investings. pull offing trained employees and budget their fundss. Their chief mark in future should be European states as they don’t have any subdivision over at that place. Giordano should be more services oriented and should do proper investings in organisational ends and enlisting and preparation and development for employees. Question 4: Could Giordano reassign its cardinal success factors to new markets as it expands both in Asia and in other parts of the universe?The competitory advantages for Giordano like computerized system. transmit of informations fluxing across subdivisions will be somewhat harder for them to run in other states. For Giordano to make such sort of IT based systems they need strong and powerful soft wares which can be operated in different continents. Not every state follows the same codifications and rules like Asiatic states. In fact. European states have stronger IT systems and it will turn to a tough competition. However. the competition for them to run their minutess will be somewhat impossible. But. they can still go on runing at that place on a little system which can convey day of the month across different metropoliss in the same state and so the central offices can direct the information to the chief headquarter which is Hong Kong. The competition increases in regard with different trade names included in foreign states. For case. The Gap operates merely in USA. Europe and Japan which are the chief industrial states of the universe. Espirit operates in about every state in this universe. but relatively The Gap makes more net income than Espirit. In footings of gross revenues turnover The Gap makes $ 16267 million which is manner higher than $ 2662 million for Espirit. These two companies are the prima corporations of today’s universe. Giordano being in this market and to keep the same repute as it is in Asian will be truly difficult. To enroll new employees in a new market is easy but to develop them with the bing schemes in a new market is somewhat disputing. There is a large difference between the Asian and other country’s market. Hence. Giordano should analyse and understand the market decently so that they can run easy and still maintain good repute and competitory advantages in the new market. However. they can still run in Asiatic states and operate and spread out their concern in other states on a little graduated table and periodic clip. Question 5: How do you believe Giordano had/would have to accommodate its selling and operations schemes and tactics when come ining and perforating your state? When Giordano entered Malaysia they had to follow the same selling schemes as they did in Hong Kong when they started runing their concern. At first there wasn’t anything which concerned them for client service. As they started runing in other states it quickly became a tendency for Giordano. However. every state has different range of growing. In Malaysia. consumer gustatory sensation and manner differ from other states. Therefore. the selling schemes might be the same but the range of response is different. At operational degree every state has different scheme of convincing and fulfilling their clients. However. this depends on the direction as per how they develop and train their employees. Normally at operational degree it is the employees interacting with the consumers every individual twenty-four hours. These schemes take immense planning and investing on a peculiar undertaking. Tactics depends on the selling manner of that peculiar state. Every shop. direction. state follow their ain tactics to acquire clients. Some come up price reductions and some come up with gross revenues. These are tactics which are done by their direction to pull clients. It usually depends on how good that peculiar shop is in doing money. However. it besides depends on the economic system of that peculiar state and what actions is the direction taking towards their concern. Giordano’s chief scheme of value for money. service distinction. stock list record and fast distribution centres are a singular and dramatic schemes for any state. However. conveying the dealing in other subdivisions is cheapest and the fastest manner to describe the caput quarters. Question 6: What general lessons can major dressing retail merchants in your state learn from Giordano?Giordano’s repute in Asiatic states is at a really good degree. They have plentifulness of subdivisions in Malaysia. The basic construct of value for money can be a good lesson to other vesture retail merchants. This construct can do them recognize the importance of client satisfaction. Product distinction is another construct created by Giordano and to keep the stock list. Basically. anything which includes Giordano schemes can be a general lesson for other retail merchants because their outstanding schemes has leaded them to success and doing net incomes. Customer service is another scheme followed by Giordano. Apparently. this has become one of the most powerful and efficient scheme followed by Giordano and therefore. Malayan vesture retail merchants can larn and see it in this state. As per the market in Malaysia. consumers are usually looking for services. They are cagey plenty about the market and they have the cognition of other dressing retailing stores excessively. However. it has been analyzed that Giordano is one of the taking vesture retailing store in Malaysia. So usually other up approaching houses will follow the same stairss and the same schemes to stand in the market. The other scheme which is followed by Giordano is the wage to their employees with fillips. To give services to the clients these employees should be good trained and should be given fillips so that they are ever happy with the house. Malayan vesture retail merchants should enroll good employees and skilled one this will salvage their clip of preparation. However. these employees should hold at least one twelvemonth contract so that they don’t leave the company and the company is committed to their employees. Most of the concerns experience this job in Malaysia that they train their employees and the quit the occupation after few months. Even if the employee needs preparation. so a strong preparation and development plan should be created by HR section through which they can develop their employees which chiefly includes client service. Last. the construct of other retailing store should be to understand the client as Giordano does. This has lead Giordano to derive net incomes and client satisfaction. And this can be a strong scheme from the direction to the employee of any concern in Malaysia. Mention: 2009. Giordano FAQ. Giordano Fashions. viewed on 27 Feb 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. giordano. in/faq. hypertext markup language gt ;2006. Giordano Recent intelligence. Giordano International Limited. viewed on 01 March 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. giordano. com. hk/web/hk/investors/news/Giordano % 20Accelerates % 20Concept % 20Store % 20Roll-out. htm gt ; . Read more: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ukessays. co. uk/essays/marketing/giordano. php # ixzz2KR5D6h5W

The Privatization or Commodification of Water

Introduction For a long time, ethics has been seen as the study of what comprises good and bad conduct which includes the values that influence the conduct. Generally, contemporary culture has given humans unprecedented liberty and prosperity which has necessitated the growth of the concept of ethics.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Privatization or Commodification of Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business ethics on the other hand has existed in the form of reflection on the ethical dimensions of business exchanges and institutions whereby the concept has been understood in two distinctive ways, where one group views it from the background of philosophy while the other group views it from the background of business community (Brenkert and Beauchamp 3). These two approaches are not exclusive, but the philosophical approach appears to be the broader of the two. In all cases, it becomes importa nt to appreciate the fact that moral problems and the process of analyzing them invites different forms of useful analysis. Water forms an essential commodity that ensures continuity of life, though for a long time no systematic way has been elaborated in appreciating its value (Brown and Schmidt 3). For long, people have regarded water as a renewable commodity that has potential to develop without limit. With the larger society utilizing water in different ways such as irrigation, energy and burgeoning urban centers, the reality is now clearer that like just other renewable commodities, water is a finite resource. However, providing answers to modern water problems requires giving answers to questions of value: how should society capture, store or distribute water; at what cost; for whom; and for how long (Brown and Schmidt 4). All these questions are regarded as ethical because just like any other essential resource, determining a fair and just distribution of water has direct eff ects on human and nonhuman lives and also the systems that sustain them. Commodification of water Borgmann argues that the driving force of the contemporary society is the aspect of commodification which is described as, that vital structure of modern society of the market which conveys a sense of moral censure (Borgmann 143). The author, in reference to Viviana Zelizer, states that, â€Å"economic prophets have frequently warned us against global commodification and the loss of the moral-emotional fiber it brings† (Borgmann 144). Using the Marx’s concept of commodification, Borgmann first sees the concept to possess the verb to commodify, which to him is â€Å"to draw something from outside the market into the market so that it becomes available for sale and purchase† (Borgmann 144).Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marx looked at the various ways in which capitalism perceived the production of things such as wheat, shoes and clothing out of the hands and circumstances of the farmers, artisan and householders, stripped them of their context of skills and persons, of exchanges and uses and made them into commodities (goods) whose importance was reduced to their price. Moreover, Marx became critical of how labor was being converted into something that could be purchased and sold under conditions that only favored the capitalists and made the workers beggars (Borgmann 144); thus, commodification became purely and totally exploitation. The contemporary discussions continue to see the concept of commodification as contested. In such discussions, the broader agreement has remained that, certain goods such as justice should never be for sale (Borgmann 145). But other goods have continued to draw divided opinions. For a long time, goods at issue in this discussion have generally constituted those in Michael Walzer’s list of items which are subject to ‘blocked exchanges’: 1) Human beings; 2) political power and influence; 3) criminal justice; 4) freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly; 5) marriage and procreation; 6) the right to leave the political community; 7) exemptions from military service, from jury duty, and from any other form of communally imposed work; 8) political offices; 9) basic welfare services like police protection or primary and secondary schooling; 10) desperate exchanges; 11) prizes and honors of many sorts; 12) divine grace; 13) love and friendship; and 14) a long series of criminal sales (Borgmann p.145). The above list can be complete if addition of certain public goods is made. These public goods are; clean air and clean water, safety from crime, basic health care and public lands. The main argument in disfavor of commodification of public goods is that commodification may leads to social injustice, for instance, if education is totally commodified, the chil dren of the poor will get no education or for them, inferior education will be enough (Borgmann p.145). Commodification of water: Public vs. Private debate There exist two debates that continue to dominate the lives of many people concerning the issue of water. For instance, there are arguments whether water services should remain public or go private. One of the arguments â€Å"is concerned with practical issues of efficiency and economics, and the other is about principle† (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox p.10). Privatizing water in a country like USA has been a hard venture to undertake. Those opposed to such move include personalities such as Barlow of the Council of Canadians and Tony Clarke of Canada’s Polaris Institute (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox 10). The two have opposed the move to privatize water in principle and they are convinced that private companies should only get involved in narrow areas of infrastructure development but not allowed to have ownership, control or delivery of the basic service.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Privatization or Commodification of Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To them, the process or actions of commodifying water is generally wrong in terms of ethics, environmental and social (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox p.10). They are on the view that the process will, â€Å"insure that decisions regarding the allocation of water would center on commercial, not environmental or social justice considerations; privatization means that management of water resources is based on principles of scarcity and profit maximization rather than long-term sustainability† (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox 10). Contrary to this position, there is a divergent view which has been adopted by Peter Cook of the National Association of Water Companies who is convinced that if market principles are applicable to other products in the market, then water as a commo dity cannot be exceptional. Cook sees nothing wrong or unethical in making profits from water since the money which has been pumped into the business by the investors is used to benefit customers and provide them with services. Cook sums up his position by quoting the bible by stating that, the bible and especially the Ten Commandments have no provision that prohibits people from making profits, and utilities need to be operated as enterprises (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox pp.10-11). To this extent, â€Å"the practical debate over who can provide water better focuses on the issues of transparency, efficiency, rates, and sustainability† (Snitow, Kaufman and Fox pp.11).. Indeed, most of these values are possible in public controlled enterprises but far more difficult in private owned enterprises or corporations. Ethical dilemma The essence of water being a commodity that sustains life has drawn conflicting debates and reactions on whether it is ethical to commodify and therefore sub ject it to market competition principles. This particular confusion has been precipitated by the actions of United Nations to declare that water is a human right that should be accessible to everyone. The question that arises is; are their moral consequences that arise as a result of commodifying water and hence its availability and accessibility largely become determined by market mechanisms? Ethical lapse In most cases, ethical lapse can be categorized into three groups: deception, stealing and harming (Howard and Korver 13). There exists many variants to these but the mentioned three have come out as the most wrongdoings which people commit.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lying has been described in many ways that include: doctor, cover up, overstate, understate, misinform, misguide or stretch the truth (Howard and Korver p.14). additionally, the act of lying has psychological costs, for example, when individuals lie there is always a clash between their values and who they are; lying also creates barriers in relationships and soils self-image of an individual (Howard and Korver p.15). Moral reasoning The contemporary society is faced with a situation where people are facing dilemma on various ethical decisions and as a result there have been numerous methods of moral reasoning. Moral reasoning has taken center stage in various social issues as people continue to debate on what is right and what is wrong or what ought to be or not be done. In most cases many people are convinced that it is not necessary the principles which determine what is right or wrong, but the consequences produced by the actions in question (Rae p.81). When a particular course of action or decision produces the best set of consequences, then to majority such actions need to be allowed and accepted. In other words the action(s) that produces the greatest balance of benefits over harms is the one that is considered as the most moral. Generally actions considered right or wrong (morality) should depend on the situation and also on what the cultural consensus of right and wrong is at that time. In the case of commodifying water, if the society and hence culture reaches consensus that water commodification is wrong then it would be morally wrong to commodify or privatize water. Ethical approaches Utilitarianism ethics Utilitarianism ethics postulate that morality of an act is determined by the end result. From this observation, utilitarianism conviction is that the moral choice is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people or at the same time the moral choice is the course of action that produces more good consequences than harmf ul ones. Utilitarianism sometimes is regarded as consequentialism ethics due to its emphasis on the consequences of an action. Jeremy Bentham, one of the philosophers credited to utilitarianism believed in hedonistic utilitarianism which postulates that â€Å"the most moral acts are those that maximize pleasure and minimize pain† (Rae p.85). On the other hand John Mill, another believer of utilitarianism ethics established his approach which differed from that of Bentham which was general concept of maximizing the general happiness, or what he termed as the greatest good for the greatest number. Hence ethics can be seen as the art of directing the actions of people so as to bring about the greatest possible happiness to all those who are concerned with these actions. As a result, Bentham observed that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members. In sum the utilitarianism principle hold that, â€Å"an action is right from an ethical point of view if and only if the sum total of utilities produced by that act is greater than the sum total of utilities produced by any other act the agent could have performed in its place† (Fernando p.34). Water commodification can be analyzed within the precepts of utilitarianism ethics where business principles can take a backseat to consequences, if on balance, commodification of water provides more beneficial consequences for more people then utilitarianism ethics consider it to be the most moral choice. Evaluation of actions needs to be made on the basis of benefits or harms the action(s) will bring upon human beings. The morality of the theory is that, individual or an organization performing particular actions need to impartially take into account interests of everyone on equal basis. Kantian ethics Kant was convinced that morality should be derived from recognition that people share a common human condition and what makes humans valuable and special is their ability to re ason and that moral rules based on reason should govern human behavior. To Kant moral rules need to be based on tradition, intuition, desire, conscience, emotion and sympathy and that free will among humans comes from their ability to reason and prompts them to develop rules for moral behavior which in turn can be applicable universally disregarding utilitarianism consequences. The moral rules established needs to recognize the fact that all people have a certain human dignity and therefore they should be accorded respect as autonomous beings (Fernando p.35). According to Kant moral ethics, an action is only moral for an individual in a certain situation if, and only if, the individual’s reason for carrying out the action is one that he or she would be willing to have every person act on in any similar situation. At the same time moral worth would not be attached to an action motivated singularly to promote individual interests or for pleasure and that if an action is wrong f or other people, it is wrong for any one person. For Kant an action is regarded morally worth if it reflects a good will and it is only when individuals act from duty that their actions are regarded to be moral worth. As a result Kant believes that ethics should be grounded in reason alone and not on human nature (Fernando p.35). Ethicality in commodifying water On November 27 2002, United Nation declared water to be a human right for the first time and went a head to require states to adopt key legal mechanisms that would ensure this fundamental right is achieved (Sierra Club par. 1). From UN observation, the conviction was that privatizing water could not be achieved since it is impossible to marry the profit motive of a private enterprise and the necessity and importance of a commodity like water which many people require in order to survive (utilitarianism). The conclusion is that the issue of rendering water as a private thing should be done away from the market place since wat er belongs to earth, to all species, to the future generation and in this regard no one has the right to commodify water for personal (deontological) or corporate gain (Sierra Club par. 1). On advancing this claim, the Cochabamba Declaration of December 8, 2000, which brought together interested parties aimed at ensuring the privatization of water, was not achieved (welfare concern). To cement and solidify their claim the group came up with key points to be observed which turned out to constitute the Cochabamba Declaration (Sierra Club par. 4). To the group access to water is the fundamental right of every human and all humans are required to respect nature as they use water given by the earth. The three main points formulated were: Water was described to belong to the earth and also to all species of the world and that water need to be regarded as sacred to life, and from this view the water of the world needs to be conserved, reclaimed and put under adequate protection in order t o ensure the future generation is safe; Water was described as fundamental human right and also as a public trust that needs to be guarded by all structures of the government and as a result it should not be commodified, privatized or commercially traded; lastly Water can be best protected by local communities and people and who must be given equal respect as partners of various governments in the process of protecting and regulating water (Sierra Club par. 5). Conclusion Water ethic has developed in many societies as a result of continued efforts by enterprises and corporation to commodifying water. As a result, in most societies specifically the developed ones, water ethics commodification and privatization with marginalized access to water continue to raise key questions such as: Can water be sustainably managed while the global financial institutions and transnational corporations possess the means to do so? How can the empowerment of public and rights of people over water be r estored? How can global skills, capital and user practices are reconciled with the need and desire for control over water of local people? Such questions give an impression of how fundamental ethics has become essential in addressing the issue of water commodification. Ethical reasoning in regards to water will ensure proper, efficient and sustainable use of water despite its scarcity in nature. Works Cited Borgmann, Albert. Real American ethics: taking responsibility for our country. IL, University of Chicago Press. 2006. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=fJJccik-SRECpg=PA145dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=zQZpTPagL5H34gb75pyZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=Ethics%20of%20commodification%20of%20waterf=false. Brenkert, George G. and Beauchamp, Tom L. The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics. NY, Oxford University Press US. 2009. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qn1BDj7SRUsCpg=PA78dq=Ethics+of+commodification+ of+waterhl=enei=GvJoTPmcB4aS4gb6npCZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CFkQ6AEwCA#v=onepageqf=false. Brown, Peter G. and Schmidt, Jeremy J. Water Ethics: Foundational Readings for Students and Professionals. NW, Island Press. 2010. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=fwFXY-vAwNsCpg=PA161dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=GvJoTPmcB4aS4gb6npCZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false. Fernando, A. C. Business Ethics: An Indian Perspective. New Delhi, Pearson Education India, 2009. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=A-k_uWkGCEUCpg=PA35dq=business+ethics+theorieshl=enei=Od1rTLK0EcHT4wa4ncDkAgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=business%20ethics%20theoriesf=false. Howard, Ronald A. and Korver, Clinton D. Ethics for the real world: creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life. MA, Harvard Business Press. 2008. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=OqnrtQFfXb0Cpr intsec=frontcoverdq=Ethics+for+the+Real+World.hl=enei=RBtqTKP8LZCl4Qan5OCaAQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false. Rae, Scott B. Moral Choices: An Introduction to Ethics. MI, Zondervan, 2000. 16 August 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=n55iiynlwmMCpg=PA77dq=moral+reasoninghl=enei=1sVrTN_nHMKk4Qb9kJz3Agsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=8ved=0CFMQ6AEwBw#v=onepageq=moral%20reasoningf=false. Sierra Club. Corporate Water Privatization: Water is a Human Right not a Commodity. 2008. 16 August 2010. http://www.sierraclub.org/committees/cac/water/human_right/. Snitow, Allan, Kaufman, Deborah and Fox, Michael. Thirst: fighting the corporate theft of our water. CA, John Wiley and Sons. 2007. 16 August 2010.https://books.google.com/books?id=wyW30HVewtACpg=PA10dq=Ethics+of+commodification+of+waterhl=enei=tiNpTMXOIuTT4waqqZiZBAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepageq=Ethics%20of%20commodification%20of%20waterf=false. This research paper on The Privatization or Commodification of Water was written and submitted by user Londyn F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Emotions and Behavior at Work

Emotions and Behavior at Work The role of emotions has been of great interest to business administrators who try to make employees more motivated and committed to organizational goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emotions and Behavior at Work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will be aimed at discussing the differences between felt and displayed emotions. Moreover, it is necessary to examine their impact on workers’ well-being. Overall, it is possible to say the ability to express felt emotions is important for every worker. A person, who has to suppress or conceal them, is more likely to feel dissatisfied with the quality of ones life or work. Moreover, the task of managers is to maker sure that employees can see the positive aspects of their experiences in the workplace. This is how they can improve emotional wellbeing of their subordinates. Overall, this term emotion can be defined as a short-term mental state that can be caused by any external or internal event (Fink 2009, p. 3). This mental state is based on cognitive assessment of any particular situation. Moreover, emotions are normally accompanied by certain verbal and behavioral responses, for instance, excitement, sadness, interest, or anger. By understanding the emotions of workers, managers can better understand their needs, goals, or problems. First, it should be noted that employees have to be skilled in managing their emotions in the workplace. They are not supposed to display those feelings or emotions that can be associated with negative experiences. (Pugh, Groth Hennig-Thurau 2011, p. 377).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such situation is very widespread in service organizations employees have attach much importance to their behavior or physical appearance (Pugh, Groth Hennig-Thurau 2011, p. 377). The felt emotions can be shaped by everyday experiences of the employees, their relations with others, their job satisfaction, the degree of empowerment, compensation, and so forth (Bono et al 2007 p. 1357). Cognitive appraisal of the situation can give rise to a specific response, for instance, pride, enthusiasm, pleasure, boredom, and so forth. Positive emotions enhance the sense of wellbeing and increase an employee’s satisfaction with his/her work (Staw, Sutton, Pelled 1994, p. 52). Apart, from that they lead to such outcomes as greater motivation, willingness to take part in the teamwork, and better productivity (Staw, Sutton, Pelled 1994, p. 52). In contrast, negative emotions often result in absenteeism, low productivity, rudeness, or lack of commitment to organizational goals. They are associated with depression, lack of motivation, or even aggression. The thing is that emotions can be accompanied by self-reflection when a person tries to determine the cause of a particular sensatio n. In particular, he/she can pay attention to those things as family relations, compensation, the nature of work, the position in the workplace hierarchy, and so forth. Overall, it is possible to say that the felt emotions reflect the well-being of an individual. In contrast, displayed emotions can be understood only as a set of bodily and behavioral responses that a person has to display during work. From a psychological point of view one cannot even say that these responses can always be called emotions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emotions and Behavior at Work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The thing is that emotions have to be based on the assessment of events or situation. Very often displayed emotions run contrary to the actual experiences of an employee (Lapointe et al 2012, p. 3). They do not always correspond to a person’s views, sensations, attitudes, or values. Employees often have to fake th e emotions that they display. This issue should be taken into account by managers who try to motivate their employees. For instance, they should remember that in many cases such emotions as excitement or enthusiasm can be faked. The expression of felt emotions helps a person because in this way he/she can better understand ones experiences. More importantly, other people can detect that this individual can have some psychological problems and assist him/her if it is necessary. Therefore, displayed emotions can be viewed as a positive phenomenon when they really reflect the well-being of a person. Nevertheless, behavioral norms established in many organizations prohibit the display of felt emotions, especially if they are negative ones. Psychologists argue that employees have to be skilled in emotional labor or surface acting (Scott Barnes 2011, p. 116). In many cases, people have to display positive emotions such as optimism, interest, admiration, enthusiasm, and so forth. Unfortun ately, they are often faked. The researchers often try to examine the effects of this surface acting on an individual. The study carried out by Pugh, Groth and Hennig-Thurau (2007) suggests that a person who is engaged in such surface acting, often experiences the so-called emotional dissonance (p. 377).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, this individual sees that his/her experiences and feelings do not correspond to those behavioral or verbal responses that he/she has to give (Pugh, Groth Hennig-Thurau 2007, p. 377). It is assumed that such behavior can lead to mood disorders, job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and lack of motivation (Pugh, Groth Hennig-Thurau 2007, p. 386). Overall, employees, who have to be engaged in surface acting, feel this lack of authenticity, and their wellbeing usually deteriorates. Admittedly, such effects do not manifest themselves in every case. Some people are quite capable to work under such circumstances, and emotional dissonance does not usually impact their well-being. Nevertheless, one should take into account that the effects of emotional dissonance can be rather dangerous. The thing is that a person, who has to display unfelt emotions, can actually behave aggressively at home. It should be noted that the most concealed emotion is anger (Mann 2009, p. 32). Sooner or later a person can give vent to this emotion, and very often the relatives of this individual have to suffer because they may not even know what caused this anger. These are possible effects of displaying or suppressing emotions. In most cases, they adversely affect the wellbeing of an individual. Researchers believe that the task of business administrators is to address emotional dissonance of employees. Their goal is to make sure that work experiences of employees are positive ones (Schmisseur 2003, p. 2). There are several things that managers should do. First, they should recognize and reward the successful performance of their workers. Secondly, they have to empower workers and allow them to take initiatives. These people have to feel that their experience and skills are valued by the management. This is how one can improve the wellbeing of workers and avoid emotional dissonance. They should remember that positive emotions displayed by an employee can correspond to his inner experiences. Yet, it is positive when a worker feels that he/she is an important part of a company. These people should associate their work with some positive experiences such as professional fulfillment, success, or empowerment. Therefore, their felt and displayed emotions will be positive. Secondly, managers should take into account that some external environment can affect the emotions of a worker. For instance, family problems can be a very powerful stressor and it may be difficult for an employee to display happiness or willingness to assist a customer at any cost. It will be difficult for him/her to control displayed emotions. Thus, managers should provide their employees with an opportunity for displaying the emotions that they really experience. Some companies prefer to hire a counselor who is able to discuss various issues with employees, in particular, they can speak about workplace conflicts, family quarrels, job dissatisfaction, and so forth. The very discussion of suc h problems can contribute to emotional wellbeing of an employee. Psychologists believe that social support received from peers or supervisors is important for emotional well-being of an employee (Schmisseur 2003, p. 7). The thing is that it can mitigate the negative effects of emotional dissonance. On the whole, these examples show that successful performance in the modern workplace requires the ability to control ones emotions. These mental states affect people’s attitude toward their work, their relations with others, and their overall wellbeing. Managers should know that felt and displayed emotions do not always coincide and their task is to reconcile them. In many cases, workers suffer from the so-called emotional dissonance which is the difference between felt and displayed emotions. In many cases, it leads to work dissatisfaction, aggression, or lack of motivation. Positive work experiences and social support of managers can prevent such problems because workers will no t have to fake or suppress emotions. References Bono, J, Foldes, H, Vinson, G, Muros, J 2007, Workplace Emotions: The Role of Supervision and Leadership, Journal Of Applied Psychology, vol. 92 no. 5, pp. 1357-1367. Fink, G 2009, Stress Consequences: Mental, Neuropsychological and Socioeconomic, Academic Press, New York. Lapointe, É, Morin, A, Courcy, F, Boilard, A, Payette, D 2012, Workplace Affective Commitment, Emotional Labor and Burnout: A Multiple Mediator Model, International Journal Of Business Management, vol. 7 no. 1, pp. 3-21. Mann, S 2009, Toll of emotional labour behind the frontline, Professional Manager, vol. 18 no. 6, pp. 32-34. Pugh, S, Groth, M, Hennig-Thurau, T 2011, Willing and able to fake emotions: A closer examination of the link between emotional dissonance and employee well-being, Journal Of Applied Psychology, vol. 96 no. 2, pp. 377-390. Schmisseur, A 2003, The Art of Well-Being: Managing Emotional Dissonance in the Workplace*, Conference Papers Int ernational Communication Association, pp. 1-40. Scott, B, Barnes, C 2011, A Multilevel Field Investigation of Emotional Labor, Affect, Work Withdrawal, and Gender, Academy Of Management Journal, vol. 54 no. 1, pp. 116-136. Staw, B, Sutton, R, Pelled, L 1994, Employee Positive Emotion and Favorable Outcomes at the Workplace, Organization Science, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 51-71.

Tiempo máximo de estancia permitido en Estados Unidos

Tiempo mximo de estancia permitido en Estados Unidos Para evitar problemas migratorios muy serios es necesario saber y respetar el tiempo mximo de estancia legal permitido en Estados Unidos. En realidad, el monto de la estadà ­a legal depende de varios factores, como por ejemplo, tipo de visa. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre la cantidad de tiempo que un extranjero con visa de no inmigrante puede quedarse legalmente en Estados Unidos, segà ºn los casos –turista, estudiante, intercambio, trabajo o inversià ³n–. Tambià ©n se informa sobre lo que se conoce como periodo de gracia  y cà ³mo afecta a la estadà ­a legal la extensià ³n o los cambios de visa realizados desde dentro de Estados Unidos. Por supuesto, los extranjeros con una tarjeta de residencia pueden permanecer en el paà ­s el tiempo que quieran. Es ms, estn obligados a vivir en el paà ­s y sà ³lo pueden ausentarse para viajar a otro por tiempo limitado. Tiempo que turistas pueden quedarse legalmente en EE.UU. Para el caso de los turistas hay respuestas diferentes segà ºn el documento que se ha utilizado para ingresar al paà ­s. Adems surge la duda sobre si conviene agotar el tiempo permitido o es ms aconsejable salir antes.   Un primer caso es el de los turistas que ingresan a Estados Unidos sin visa. Los ciudadanos de 38 paà ­ses pueden ingresar a los Estados Unidos sin visa, si lo hacen como turistas o para un asunto de negocios. Si llegan por avià ³n o barco necesitan solicitar antes una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica que se conoce como ESTA. Para las personas que estn en esta situacià ³n el tiempo mximo de estadà ­a es de 90 dà ­as. No hay excepcià ³n. Tampoco es posible pedir una extensià ³n. Asimismo tampoco funciona salirse a un paà ­s fronterizo, como Canad o Mà ©xico, con la idea de ganar otros 90 dà ­as.   Si se sale a uno de esos paà ­ses, se reingresa con el mismo periodo de tiempo que ya se tenà ­a, sin que se inicie otro nuevo y si ya est agotado el oficial del paso migratorio puede denegar la entrada por considerar que se est jugando con los là ­mites legales de estancia. Un segundo caso es el de los turistas que ingresan a Estados Unidos con una visa lser, tambià ©n conocida como tarjeta de cruce. Pueden tenerla los mexicanos o los ciudadanos de otros paà ­ses que residen legalmente junto a la frontera entre Mà ©xico y Estados Unidos. Las lser tienen sus propias reglas para solicitarlas, millas que se puede ingresar en el paà ­s y tiempo de estadà ­a.  Como norma general, con la visa lser sà ³lo se puede permanecer en Estados Unidos un mximo de 30 dà ­as. Si se desea ingresar por ms tiempo solicitar el permiso I-94 en el paso fronterizo. Por à ºltimo, est el caso de los turistas que ingresan a Estados Unidos con visa de turista, tambià ©n conocida en algunos paà ­ses como de placer o de paseo o como B2 o la combinada B1/B2. El tiempo mximo de estadà ­a lo fija el oficial de la CBP en el puesto fronterizo terrestre, puerto o aeropuerto.   Aunque es muy comà ºn que se permita el ingreso por 180 dà ­as, eso no es siempre asà ­ y puede ser por mucho menos. Este dato hay que tenerlo claro. Y si no se sabe, consultar el registro de ingreso y salida en la pgina de la CBP. Asimismo, no se debe confundir jams el tiempo de autorizacià ³n para permanecer legalmente en Estados Unidos con la fecha de expiracià ³n de la visa, ya que son dos cosas muy distintas.   Conveniencia de quedarse en EEUU todo el tiempo autorizado Frecuentemente los turistas se plantean si es buena idea permanecer en Estados Unidos hasta agotar el plazo legal de estancia. Lamentablemente, a esa pregunta no hay una respuesta à ºnica, ya que va a depender del caso de cada uno. Lo importante es que el oficial de inmigracià ³n en el punto de ingreso a los Estados Unidos no tenga ninguna razà ³n para sospechar que la estancia en el paà ­s ha sido o va a ser por motivos distintos al turismo. Hay que evitar dar la impresià ³n de que se estn desarrollando actividades no permitidas con la visa, como por ejemplo estudiar, trabajar o, simplemente, residir. Antes de quedarse ms tiempo del permitido es necesario saber las consecuencias, ya que pueden ser muy serias. Asimismo, conviene saber con quà © frecuencia se puede ingresar al paà ­s para evitar ser parado por las autoridades migratorias y ser regresado al paà ­s de origen. Cunto tiempo se puede permanecer en USA con la visa J-1 Las visas J-1 de intercambio comprenden una gran variedad de programas. La regla general para las personas que tienen estas visas es que se pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos un mximo de 30 dà ­as antes de iniciar el programa y se pueden quedar durante la duracià ³n regular del mismo, que est seà ±alado en el DS 2019.   Una vez que se termina se tienen 30 dà ­as de periodo de gracia para dejar Estados Unidos. Durante ese mes se puede viajar, si asà ­ se desea, pero no se puede seguir participando en ninguna actividad relacionada con el programa.   Estas reglas aplican tambià ©n a los familiares de las personas con visas J-1 y que estn en USA como dependientes. Tiempo de permanencia visas F-1 y M-1 de estudiante Con cualquiera de estas dos visas de estudiante se puede ingresar a Estados Unidos un mximo de 30 dà ­as antes al comienzo del programa. Sin embargo siguen reglas distintas para el periodo de gracia. Los titulares de visas M-1 deben salir del paà ­s en un mximo de 30 dà ­as desde la finalizacià ³n regular del programa mientras que los de la F-1 tienen un mximo de 60 dà ­as desde la fecha de finalizacià ³n regular del programa. Tiempo de permanencia para los titulares de visas H En esta categorà ­a entran las H-1B para profesionales y modelos, las H-2A para agricultura, las H-2B para trabajos temporeros no agrà ­colas, las H-3 para formacià ³n profesional y las H-4 para familiares de los titulares de otras visa H y que estn en Estados Unidos como acompaà ±antes. Todas estas personas pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos un mximo de 10 dà ­as antes de comenzar su trabajo y el periodo de gracia para permanecer en el paà ­s una vez que se acaba el trabajo es de 10 dà ­as. Incrementar el tiempo que se puede permanecer legalmente Si se ha ingresado con una visa no inmigrante es posible solicitar una extensià ³n de la estadà ­a o un cambio a otro tipo de visa no inmigrante, como por ejemplo, un turista pasarse a estudiante.   Si la fecha de la estancia autorizada llega a su fin antes que la aprobacià ³n de la extensià ³n se considera que no hay problema siempre y cuando la peticià ³n se hubiera realizado de buena fe.   Si se ha ingresado con visa, se ha pedido extensià ³n y no es aprobada, entonces con carcter general se conceden 30 dà ­as para salir de Estados Unidos. Los dà ­as se cuentan a partir de la fecha que aparece en la carta en la que se notifica la denegacià ³n. Pero hay que tener en cuenta que cada caso es un mundo, y que en la carta se puede notificar un periodo ms corto, que es el que habrà ­a que respetar. Sin embargo, un caso muy distinto al anterior es el de las personas que ingresaron sin visa como turistas o para hacer negocios por pertenecer a los paà ­ses del Visa Waiver Program. Estos extranjeros no pueden bajo ninguna circunstancia extender la estadà ­a ni solicitar ningà ºn tipo de visa mientras estn presentes en Estados Unidos. Si bien en casos muy concretos podrà ­an quedarse mediante un ajuste de estatus como por ejemplo en los casos de matrimonio con ciudadano y cumpliendo todos los requisitos. Pero son casos muy delicados y es siempre aconsejable asesorarse con un buen abogado de inmigracià ³n.  Finalmente,  en algunos casos muy especà ­ficos es posible pedir una restauracià ³n de estatus que es lo que se conoce por la expresià ³n del latà ­n nunc pro tunc. A tener en cuenta cuando se est en un periodo de gracia Hay que pensarlo dos veces antes de salir de USA y volver a ingresar, ya que puede suceder que no se permita el regreso. Quà © sucede cuando se sobrepasatiempo mximo de estancia Quedarse ms tiempo del permitido tiene importantes consecuencias migratorias que conviene no ignorar, asà ­ sea por sà ³lo un dà ­a el exceso. Lo primero, es que la persona se coloca en situacià ³n de indocumentada y, por lo tanto, puede ser detenida y dependiendo de las circunstancias de cada caso, puede ser expulsada o deportada. En algunos casos puede ser posible arreglar los papeles, pero en otros la situacià ³n de indocumentado cierra esa posibilidad por lo que antes de hacerlo conviene informarse bien con un abogado de migracià ³n reputado. Adems, la visa serà ­a revocada ya que es una de las causas de cancelacià ³n de la visa. En el caso de haber ingresado como turista sin visa por ser de un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de visados, se pierde ese privilegio. Finalmente, es posible incurrir en el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os que podrà ­a complicar enormemente el regreso a Estados Unidos. Puntos clave Los turistas sin visa pueden permanecer 90 dà ­as, sin cambios ni extensià ³nLos turistas con visa B2, generalmente 180 dà ­as, pero verificar con el I-94Los estudiantes con visa F-1 y derivadas: 60 dà ­as desde fin de programaEstudiantes con visa M-1 y derivadas: 30 dà ­as desde fin de programaPrograma de intercambio J-1 y derivadas: 30 dà ­as desde el fin del programaVisas de trabajo H y derivadas: cuanto antes, mximo 10 dà ­as desde fin de trabajo Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a para ningà ºn caso concreto.

UK Welfare Reform Bill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UK Welfare Reform Bill - Essay Example It instead encourages them to work hard and earn their own income (Meyer and Sullivan, 2004). The bill compels all the people who claim benefits to follow an employment advisor's directions or sanctions be placed on their benefits. This is in order to ensure that any benefits claims are made in the right way. These new conditions are meant to ensure that only deserving people are considered for benefits. This bill proposes that beneficiaries work for their benefits through some sort of a workfare with a labor rate of about '1.73 hourly for 35 hours every week. This bill further proposes the piloting of this workfare and its subsequent rollout without any further primary legislation. The workfare clause of the bill has attracted a lot of criticism from various quarters who have proposed various amendments to the clause. The UK Department of Welfare and Pensions has refuted any claims of workfare increasing the likelihood to find work. The department particularly notes that workfare is not effective in getting jobs for people, especially in jurisdictions of weak labor markets that have a high rate of unemployment. The department also faults the bill's effectiveness in for individuals who have numerous barriers to work. The bill has further been accused of reducing employment chances since it limits the time for job hunting and also fails to offer the necessary experience and skills needed by the employers. Work-related activity The bill allows Jobcentre Plus and other private contractors to give mandatory directions to single parents as well as disabled and sick claimants. These directions require these claimants to undertake specific activities or risk facing sanctions on their benefits. This move will ensure that the claimants put some effort towards improving themselves rather than waiting on the government to do it for them. Increased conditions for couples This bill introduces two new changes for any couples who claim benefits. First, it removes the disabled or sick people's rights to claim ESA for couples where one of the partners can claim JSA. Second, this bill requires partners of JSA, ESA and IS claimants to participate in work-related activities or face sanctions. This in effect means that these partners have no choice but to work. Contributions for ESA and JSA This bill greatly restricts eligibility to contribute to ESA and JSA. Those working will now be forced to work longer to be able to pay the required contributions to qualify for the benefits. This will go a long way in reducing the number of qualified contributors to JSA and ESA. This will as a result force many of these claimants to means-tested benefits. The means-tested benefits are not only complex, but also suffer low take up. Others will end up not having any entitlement to means-tested benefits. Carers and maternity allowances This bill proposes the abolishment of dependent additions paid with maternity and carers' allowances. Both benefits are not means-tested and its beneficiaries are the poorest of the poor in the country. The removal of these benefits will lead to over-reliance on means-tested benefits. Those who do not pass the means test will be forced to live on a very low level of income (Scott et al, 2003). Offenders' benefit penalties The bill proposes a four-week benefit suspension for those

Analyze the Marketing Mix of Toyota Corporation Essay

Analyze the Marketing Mix of Toyota Corporation - Essay Example In terms of product, Toyota understands what drives the consumer to buy today. The company remains focused around the ecologically-friendly aspects of auto design as a means to make their product stand out against all other competition in Toyota’s various car markets. In 1997, Toyota created the first widely-manufactured hybrid car, the Toyota Prius, which was a revolution in auto design for consumers who wish to buy green (Potterf, 2006). Using a variety of public relations strategies and other promotional materials (such as print and on-air), Toyota capitalized on their strategic advantage by developing the hybrid model when companies such as General Motors and Ford only had these cars on their design drawing boards. In terms of product focus, Toyota appears to have always been a leader in catering to the eco-friendly buyer. Positioning the entire company as an eco-friendly business is designed to appeal to the buyer who is concerned about environmental impact and desires a quality hybrid car model. In terms of price, Toyota appears to be highly competitive, keeping car prices lower than what would be found domestically in the United States. Any business of this variety must consider their pricing models based on the cost of goods sold (supply chain costs generally) and what customers will actually be willing to pay based on perceived quality. Toyota’s sales volumes have continued to increase year-by-year until the recent global economic crisis, which points toward a pricing model that is acceptable by consumer standards and expectations. Since Toyota and other companies create multiple, international models of cars, there is no distinct pricing model available through research which indicates specific, targeted pricing guidelines as a part of Toyota’s marketing. In this sense, the sales volumes tend to speak for themselves. In terms of place, Toyota has developed a very distinct distribution system by which cars are delivered to various national

The Worlds best ever performance Essay Example for Free

The Worlds best ever performance Essay When he got back to London he calmed himself and traveled back to Glasgow the next morning. Here he waited until Sven phoned him and announced the date of the next England match. He also told Douglas that the player who shouted at him was drunk and didnt know what he was saying.  Weeks later Douglas next match was only a few days away. He was hardened by his abuse and even more determined to play well in this match. When he finally jogged out onto the pitch the mixture of cheers and boos pumped him up to his best performance. On the pitch, Douglas was everywhere but as the match continued it became much like the next. He only got the ball when he managed to intercept his own teams pass and in his state of determination he knocked over an opposing player who was trying to tackle him. He was given a yellow card. The opposing team took a free kick. After the match Douglas headed out of the back entrance of the ground hoping to avoid angry hooligans but there were still plenty there, what he thought looked like thousands of people.  They were shouting comments, You Scottish pillock We hate you You suck Youre rubbish Were not goin to listen to your excuses even wit your crappy Scottish accent. The people shouted, Who do you think you are playing for us?  Later that day Douglas went into negotiations with the British Football Association. He wanted to know what they were going to do about the hooligans and players giving him abuse. He was very angry. What he was told by the BFA wasnt a great help either. They had agreed in a unanimous decision that Douglas should leave the team. They told him that it was because during his first two games he hadnt contributed to the final result. They told him he had hindered the team. At this comment Douglas went crazy, he tipped up his desk and rushed from the building so fast that a glass fell from another table.  During the next year of qualifying for the Europeans, England had numerous injuries. Some of the better known players were out, including Beckham, Owen and Cole. England needed some good new players. With only one week to go before the Europeans began the BFA phoned Douglas and said, We need your help Doug. It was Sven. Yu du? Realli. I wuldn hve guessed tha. Said Douglas, who was still hurt about his first two matches for England.  Douglas spent about half the weeks discussing terms and when it was finally settled he was flown down to London in a private Leah Jet.  He arrived in the stadium and boldly walked through a mass of confused supporters. They had not expected to see him back and had not been told by the press. Douglas was very confident and had a very good feeling about this game. The whistle blew and the game began. England played solidly and Poland, whom they had beaten in the first round of qualifying, did as well. However, the final score was England seventeen, Poland nil. Out of the seventeen goals scored Douglas had scored fifteen. This was the most goals scored at International level by any one player in any one match. It was a new World Record.  After this match, Douglas watched The News something which he had refused to do ever since his earlier experience for England. The same reporter as that time said in a bewildered voice, The Worlds best ever performance by a truly outstanding player. The other reporter then said, Yes it was. Literally. That match will be played on international television for centuries to come. Compared to the Scots last two England games it was more than jus beating a World record it was like beating twenty. This will open so many doors for McDonald and its a good present for his twenty-forth Birthday last week.  AS Douglas grew older he wrote a book on his experiences and discrimination. It became a best-seller and now hes a World record holder in Football and Literacy.

Billy The Kid Essay -- essays research papers

Billy the Kid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy the Kid is one of the most famous outlaws in American history. He has been a widely told figure in American history as well as folklore. The have made movies from his history and have also wrote many books on him. Most of Billy the Kids life remains a heated controversy throughout America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy the Kid was born in New York City on November 23, 1859 to William and Kathleen McCarty Bonney and given the name William H. Bonney (There are other stories of his birth but this one is the most reliable). The first recorded killing committed by Billy the Kid was on August 17, 1877. This is also where he got his nickname “Kid';. The story has it that he got in a fight with a blacksmith in a saloon where the blacksmith slapped him and threw his to the floor. Knowing that he was no match for the much bigger and older blacksmith he drew his gun and shot the blacksmith who died the next day. He was arrested but the escaped and began running from the law, something he did all of his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy the Kid eventually moved to Lincoln County, New Mexico were he began working for J.H. Tunstall. Tunstall was a rich farmland owner who had an ongoing feud with L.G. Murphy and J.J. Dolan over farmland and grazing rights. Billy the Kid looked at Tunstall as a father and would do anything for him. But on February 18, 1878, Tunstall was gunned down by a group of deputies who were und... Billy The Kid Essay -- essays research papers Billy the Kid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy the Kid is one of the most famous outlaws in American history. He has been a widely told figure in American history as well as folklore. The have made movies from his history and have also wrote many books on him. Most of Billy the Kids life remains a heated controversy throughout America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy the Kid was born in New York City on November 23, 1859 to William and Kathleen McCarty Bonney and given the name William H. Bonney (There are other stories of his birth but this one is the most reliable). The first recorded killing committed by Billy the Kid was on August 17, 1877. This is also where he got his nickname “Kid';. The story has it that he got in a fight with a blacksmith in a saloon where the blacksmith slapped him and threw his to the floor. Knowing that he was no match for the much bigger and older blacksmith he drew his gun and shot the blacksmith who died the next day. He was arrested but the escaped and began running from the law, something he did all of his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy the Kid eventually moved to Lincoln County, New Mexico were he began working for J.H. Tunstall. Tunstall was a rich farmland owner who had an ongoing feud with L.G. Murphy and J.J. Dolan over farmland and grazing rights. Billy the Kid looked at Tunstall as a father and would do anything for him. But on February 18, 1878, Tunstall was gunned down by a group of deputies who were und...

Computer and Innate Ability Essay

We sometimes think of being good at mathematics as an innate ability. You either â€Å"have it† or you don’t. But to Schoenfeld, it’s not so much ability as attitude. You master mathematics if you are willing to try. That’s what Schoenfeld attempts to teach his students. Success is a function of persistence and doggedness and the willingness to work hard for twenty-two minutes to make sense of something that most people would give up on after thirty seconds†¦ In the book â€Å"Outliers†, Malcolm Gladwell discusses some specific factors of extraordinary achievement. Some of the main ideas he discusses is advantages to succeed in life. According to Gladwell, there are tremendous advantages people have over their competitors to meet opportunities. In examining what made outliers like Bill Gates and the Beatles such phenomenal successes, Gladwell hits upon the important role played by opportunity. In each case, these successful people are given opportunities that most others do not have. In the case of Bill Gates, he goes to a school that owns a computer terminal connected to a large central computer. This is unusual in the 1960s and 1970s, when computers are room-sized devices costing millions of dollars and are owned only by large universities and corporations. Gates is able to start u We sometimes think of being good at mathematics as an innate ability. You either â€Å"have it† or you don’t. But to Schoenfeld, it’s not so much ability as attitude. You master mathematics if you are willing to try. That’s what Schoenfeld attempts to teach his students. Success is a function of persistence and doggedness and the willingness to work hard for twenty-two minutes to make sense of something that most people would give up on after thirty seconds†¦ One example of this is Billy joy’s lucky advantage that leads him to success. Bill joy attended University of Michigan the year the advanced computer system was introduced so he began to visit the computer room more often than most; he even got a job with the computer science professor. (Sounds like he got same job with professor. I don’t know I think something wrong with that sentence) Working in collaboration with a small group of programmers, Joy to on the task of rewriting Unix, which was a software system developed by AT&T for mainframe computers. Billy joy took advantage of his early computer skills to allow him opportunity that was given to him. One example of this is given by Gladwell how their (who? ) birthday can affect their overall performance . The age cutoff entry for junior hockey leagues is January, 1. A 5 year old hockey player born on that day is a little older than other competitors, giving them an advantage in size, strength and coordination. The effect at the age of nine or ten, and of course they are more likely to view as talented the bigger and more coordinated players, who have had the benefit of critical extra months of maturity. So the advantage of being more developed can potentially land them on a professional team, all due to the cutoff dates in professional hockey. Another example of an advantage in succeeding is your IQ score. In the book Gladwell interviews Chris Langan who has the highest IQ score in America. Chris Langan discusses how he had an opportunity to go to college, but never did because his mother never turned in the financial aid paper work Chris should have gone to college to reach his full potential to meet better opportunities to succeed in life. I think you have to change those paragraphs†¦?

Equal Employment Opportunity and Employee Rights Review Paper

Equal Employment Opportunity and Employee Rights Review Paper Klista Odgers HRM/300 University of Phoenix Online October 29, 2012 Dwight Walker Introduction In the face of rising technology, globalization, and productivity some workers find themselves at a disadvantage to their efforts to retain employment. To prohibit discrimination, the United States has governed laws that protect the citizens from all types of discriminations. This allows organizations to focus on promoting employment based on a person’s abilities. The two laws chosen for review are the Pregnancy Act of 1978 and Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.We will also discuss Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988. Provide a General summary of each Law The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, was an amendment of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibited sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy (â€Å"U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission†, 2012). That section 701 of the Civil Rights Ac t of 1964 is amended and states the terms â€Å"because of sex† or â€Å" on the basis of sex† include, but not limited to, because of or on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions (â€Å"U. S.Equal Employment Opportunity Commission†,). The act states women affected by the above terms shall be treated the same for all employment-related purposes. Next, is Family and Medical Leave Act of1993, entitles employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with the continuation of group insurance coverage under the same terms and conditions as if the employee had not taken leave. The final summary describes the Drug-Free Workplace of 1988. This act requires certain related groups to make sure that their workplace is drug free.The importance of this act is that it ensures the safety of all employees by ensuring that no one will be working under the influence of drugs. For each selected l aw or issue, locate a present-day court case The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 Months ago, a statement was made by a contributor for the Presidential Campaign, suggesting that there is no reason why business owners should be obligated to provide any special provision to the medical health plan in the workplace for female comprehensive insurance plans for contraceptive.This individual felt as if the Federal Health Care Reform Law was not necessary, but the Institution of Medicine, researched and found that access to contraceptive is vital to a woman’s health, and as August 2012, women are able to file Temporary Disability, at work after giving birth or during pregnancy. They can ask for special accommodations because of this medical condition, and the employer must provide insurance which covers any related issues to reproduction. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993The Supreme Court ruled Tuesday that states cannot sue under the Family and Medical Leave Act for refusin g to give an employee time off to recover from an illness. One justice said the decision â€Å"dilutes the force â€Å"of the law that allows millions of working Americans time off to care for sick family members or to have children. Daniel Coleman asked for a 10-day medical leave to deal with hypertension and diabetes in 2007, and said he was wrongfully fired after his request was denied. He sued for $1. million in damages under the Family and Medical Leave Act, but his lawsuit was thrown out, with the 4th U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals saying states could not be sued under the FMLA (the Huffington post). Drug Testing Currently, in the state of Florida the Federal Appeals court is battling arguments of a judge ruling against the idea that the government would violate the rights of the citizen of Tallahassee, by requiring any individual wham applies for public assistance benefits would have to adhere to drug test prior receiving any public assistance.The district judge thinks that individual whom receive assistance already provide a wide range of information in order to participate in the program, and by asking them to submit to a drug screen in order to receive benefits in an invasion of privacy and violates the constitution’s reasonable search ban. This case is currently being heard in Atlanta, Georgia, all because of a Navy Veteran, former college student, whom is a single parent applied for benefits back in 2011, meet the requirements of the program but felt it would be an result to be asked to participate in random drug screens in lure of help.The following media publicity of this case has implemented the state if Florida employees to be required to do drug testing. What are the implications for HR department in managing the employer-employee relationship in the contest of the law or issue? Within the workplace, the HR department has to deal with conflict issues that arise between employees and employers. Because employment relationships are so c omplex and depending on the different types of situations that can arise, there are employment laws that are in place to protect the employer and employee.Important HR laws include the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Title VII, Age Discrimination (ADEA, Equal Pay Act (EPA, 1866 Civil Rights Act, Family & Medical Leave Act (FMLA), Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), ADA- Public Accommodations, Executive Orders 11246 & 11478, Drug-Free Workplace Act, National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), Byrnes Act, Worker Adjustment & Retaining Act (WARN), Rights of Servicemen (USERRA), Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA), Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA), Health Maintenance Organization Act (HMO), Employee Retirement Income security Act (ERISA), Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), Health Insurance Portability (HIPPA), New Hire Reporting, Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), Fair Credit Reporting Act (FACRA), Federal Bankruptcy Code, Jury Systems Improvement Act, Employee Polygraph Protection Act, and Export Administration Act of 1977. For each law or issue, write an example that shows compliance with the laws or acts discussed. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978An eligible employee is entitled to take unpaid maternity leave if the employee is for work because of: 1. Pregnancy-related illness or 2. Preparation of birth of a child Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 Twelve workweeks of leave in a 12-month period for: 1. The birth of a child and to care for the newborn child within one year of birth 2. The placement with employee of a child for adoption or foster care and to care for the newly placed child within one year of placement. 3. To care for the employee’s spouse, child, or parent who has a serious health condition 4. A serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the essential functions of his or her job 5.Any qualifying exigency arising out of the fact that the employee’s spouse, son, dau ghter, or parent is covered military member on â€Å"covered duty 6. Twenty-six workweeks if leave during a single 12-month period to care for covered service member with a serious injury or illness if the eligible employee is the service member’s spouse, son, daughter, parent, or next of kin (military caregiver leave). Drug-Free Workplace Act When it comes to drug-free workplace, human resources have policies to ensue employees, vendors or customer is not using alcohol or drugs. It is crucial for this department to be firm to their procedures to ensure this does not happen during work time.Some of the implications for HR departments in managing the employer-employee relationship are to have a zero tolerance for drugs and alcohol. In conclusion with all the laws against discrimination there are still people that are being discriminated against. The laws have helped in the workplace and for many people to have a safe workplace and place they can work with being afraid of bein g fired because of their race, color, sex, religion, or age. Reference: Holland, Jesse J, Supreme Court Makes Ruling in Maryland Sick-Leave Case. Retrieved October 28, 2012 from www. huffingpost. com Saunders, j; â€Å"News Service of Florida†: retrieved October 29, 2012; from Ledger. com Likert, R. , 1932 â€Å"Studies in the principles of judgments and attitudes†

Informative Essay Sample on Mother Teresa and Her Background

Informative Essay Sample on Mother Teresa and Her Background Mother Teresa was a person that was admired and respected. She was a person that made an impact on your life and made people loot at the world with a different eye. Even though the world is full of good people, great humanitarians, people who donate billions of dollars, who raise their voices to make a difference, Mother Teresa stands out in the crowd, she was a very unique person. Agnes was born on August 27, 1910 in Skopje in Macedonia and given the name of Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Teresa was the youngest of three children born to Nikola and Dronda Bojaxhiu. Her family was deeply religious Roman Catholics. Agnes learned about charity from her mother and father who never turned away from those in need whether seeking food, shelter, clothing or even money. Her father was a popular merchant and a partner to an Italian merchant and her mother was a housewife. Her father owned several houses and was a member of the Skopje council. He was heavily involved in politics and it is said that his death was due to his activity in politics. In 1918 people believed that his enemies poisoned her father. At this point her family life changed. The family was left with little money and the church became very important part of their lives. Agnes was always her own person, startlingly independent, obedient challenging, some preconceived notions and expectations. But the pastor of her church, Father Jambren Kovin, influenced her. The priest introduced Agnes to the work being done by missionaries in India. Agnes used to go trips with her mother to visit the elderly, sick and poor. Even though her mother had to work extra hard after her father’s death, the generosity that she showed people has such a profound influence on Agnes. During Agnes’s early years she was fascinated with missionary life and service. At the age of eighteen she felt that she had been called to a religious life. So Agnes decided to follow the feelings in her heart and join the Loreto Sisters of Dublin. In 1928 Agnes began her religious life in Ireland. While in Ireland she learned to speak English and in November she went to India to teach English in an Indian school. There she spends seventeen years teaching and being principal of St. Mary’s high school in Calcutta. During her time there in 1929, Agnes started her novitiate in an Abbey in Darjeeling and Abbey in the foothills of the Himalayas. A novitiate is a time a nun spends studying, praying and contemplating before she takes her vows. On May 24, 1931, Agnes took her first vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. She took her name for St. Theresa, the patron saint of missionaries. On May 14, 1937, Teresa took her final vows, promising to serve God for the rest of her life. Everyday Teresa would look out of the convent to the streets of Calcutta. She wanted to help the starving and dying people on the streets. She was not allowed to leave the Loreto order of nuns. They had a rule that you could not leave the convent unless they were seriously ill. In August 1946, Sister Teresa couldn’t stand it any longer. A four-day riot had broken out between the Muslims and Hindus, thus stopping the food delivery. Sister Teresa left the convent to find food for her hundreds of students. She met some soldiers who gave her some bags of food and told her to stay off of the streets. But Teresa would soon experience another call from God. On September 10, 1946 Sister Teresa experienced a call with a call on an annual retreat. She was convinced that god wanted her to reach out to the poor. She believed that God told her to leave the convent and help the poor while living with them. She felt that this was an order from God and not to do this would mean to break the faith. In 1947 Sister Teresa was given permission to leave the Loreto order of nuns. But Sister Teresa did not leave the convent until August 16, 1948. She set out onto the streets of Calcutta, wearing a simple cotton sari decorated with a blue border. She had no idea that her organization would adopt this outfit as their habit. Leaving the Loreto Abbey was one of the greatest sacrifices she ever made. She was leaving behind her only friends and companions to go out into the slums of the cities. Before she went to the slums she proceeded to learn medical skills from Mother Anna Dengel in Patina. There the Medical Missionary Sisters immediately took her with them where they went to the houses of sick and dying people and local hospitals. Sister Teresa learned to care for people by practicing with the sisters. She learned how to deliver babies, fix broken bones and became aware of many common diseases and illness. She was a natural at caring for people and within three months set out to help the poor of Calcutta. Arriving back in Calcutta, she got in touch with Father Van Exem, who would help her find a place to stay. Arrangements were made for her to stay at St. Joseph’s Home. There a group of nuns called the Little Sisters of the Poor gladly welcomed her. There were so many people to help that Sister Teresa didn’t know where to began. The Little Sisters of the Poor invited her to begin with them helping the elderly. Sister Teresa stayed with the Little Sisters of the Poor until December 21, 1948. She left and went out to the streets of Calcutta to start her mission from God. She left St. Joseph’s with a packed lunch, no money, materials or companions. She started a school in the slum that she could see outside her window while at the convent. The first day of school five students showed up for class. Sister Teresa had no books, desks or chalkboards, but due to her determination she still managed to teach. The alphabet was the first lesson taught. The word spread through the slums and soon she had forty students. The student’s learned about language and numbers, but also about personal hygiene and cleanliness. Through her students Sister Teresa met many families of Calcutta and about the poor medical care. Many families had no income because the man of the house had been stricken with a disease. Thousands of people died each year due to lack of medical care. Poverty grew and Sister Teresa knew she had to do something more. Sister Teresa didn’t have money, but she did have her attention and energy, which she gladly gave to the poor. She walked the streets looking for places to help. The work exhausted her, but she never gave up. Her love and compassion for God, people and her work helped her to help people that no one would go near. Each night she would be tempted to go back to the easy life at Loreto, but instead she prayed to God for this help to get through it all. In March 1949, Sister Teresa received a visitor at St. Joseph’s. The visitor was a student from Entally, who could not forget Sister Teresa’s kindness and generosity. She wanted to join Sister Teresa and work for the poor. Sister Teresa didn’t realize that this was the beginning of her order. Soon after Magdalena Gomes joined Sister Teresa. The three of them would go out into the streets each day, not knowing what to expect. By the end of the year eight more young girls joined to help the fight against poverty. In 1949 to demonstrate her dedication to Calcutta’s poor, Sister Teresa decided to become an Indian citizen. On October 7, 1950 Cardinal Pietro Fumoson Biondi head of the office for the Propagation of the Faith, sanctioned Sister Teresa’s order, making her Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa always encouraged her nuns to treat the poor as a gift from God and to treat the patients with respect, warmth and kindness. The middle of 1953 the Missionaries of Charities moved to a new residence that was big enough to house the growing number of nuns. The nuns wanted to call Mother Teresa the Reverend Mother Teresa, but she refused because she never felt above anyone else. In 1954 Mother Teresa was given an unused building for the dying. The building was transformed into the Place of the Immaculate Heart. This was a place for people who were terminally ill that could die with dignity instead of on the streets. Each morning Mother Teresa and the nuns would walk the streets for dying people and bring them to the building. They were treated as angels, and were loved and cared for until their death. When a mother would die leaving a child behind the nuns would take care of the children. In 1955 Mother Teresa opened up the children’s Home of the Immaculate Heart. There was children with no place to go were taken care of. Teenage girls who lost their family came there instead of turning to prostitution. They helped out by taking care of the children and were taught useful skills. Even though Mother Teresa was criticized for wasting money on the dead and dying but she never stop. Her compassion for the poor and dying and the victims of leprosy was overwhelming. This compassion drove Mother Teresa to find medical care for them. In order to provide the medical care the nuns set up clinics where people could get medicines, disinfectant, bandages and other necessary supplies. The sisters opened up a rehabilitation clinic for lepers. One of Mother Teresa’s biggest achievement for the lepers was establishing the thirty-five acre Town of Peace which was a rehabilitating community for the leper. In 1960 groups were formed by the Missionaries of Charity to travel to different parts of India. Homes were set up in many parts of India and by 1962 there were 119 members of the Missionaries of Charity. Due to the many contributions thirty centers were opened outside of Calcutta. Mother Teresa traveled to the United States in 1960 and visited many states. She received hundreds of donations and met many people. She left the United States and traveled to England, Germany and Rome. The trip gave Mother Teresa many new ideas. One of the ideas was to have men involved in the same type of work as the sisters did. So on March 25, 1963, twelve men went to live at the Home of the Immaculate Heart to study for their missionary work. Brother Andrew who later was called General Servant headed these men. Their order was called the Brothers of Charity. Mother Teresa brought them a small home for their headquarters. The brothers went into areas of Calcutta that the sisters could not and ran the men’s ward at the Home for the Dying. In no time the brothers grew and there were forty-four houses around the world. In February of 1965, the Missionaries of Charity had gained permission to work outside of India by the Pope. This meant that Mother Teresa and the sisters could help the poor all over the world. The first home was in Cocorote Venezuela. There Mother Teresa started her work. She was determined to help the women and children. There was a shortage of food, clothing and medical care. In this area men would take more than one wife and then couldn’t support them. Mother Teresa’s goal was to educate the women so they could support themselves and their children. In order to accomplish this they fixed up an old hotel for their headquarters. Once this was completed they taught women how to type and sew. They even taught elementary school to children and anyone who wanted to learn. In the 1960’s and 1970†s over ten new houses were opened in South America. In 1968 Mother Teresa was requested by Pope Paul Vito open a house in Rome. With no hesitation Mother Teresa brought the sisters to the poor out skirts of Rome. There was no electricity, heat or running water. She opened up a house for the poor people. In 1968 Mother Teresa received an invitation to go to Tanzania. The buildings were renovated for the poor people. Homes for old people, nurseries and medical supply rooms were established. In 1969, with the help of Ann Blankie, Mother Teresa founded the International Association of the Co-workers of Mother Teresa for lay people who wanted to help. There were no requirements and you didn’t have to be Catholic or even be religious to join. When sick people wanted to become a part of her work she started a group called the Sick and Suffering Co-Workers. Mother Teresa received the first Pope John XXIII Peace Prize from Pope Paul VI. In 1971 he praised her fro her hard work with the poor and the efforts to make peach and also gave her a small statue of Jesus Christ and an award of $67,000.00 to use in her work. In 1971 Mother Teresa brought her work to the United States. The first home was in Bronx New York. There she helped the children, the lonely, sick and unwanted. Groups of sisters went out and visited shut-ins, clean homes, get groceries and listen to the elderly. Camp programs were organized to keep children off the streets. Then in October Mother Teresa was given the Joseph P. Kennedy Foundation Award by the Kennedy family. She received a check for $12,000, which she set up a fund for disabled and retarded children. Although Mother Teresa was getting older and fragile she would not stop helping people. Even thought Mother Teresa turned sixty-one in 1971, she didn’t even think of retirement. In 1972 Mother Teresa and the missionaries of Charity went to Bangladesh, where there was a terrible devastation. Food was scare in the villages and many people were starving. Many women had been raped and were treated as outcasts and abandoned by their families. Until Mother Teresa arrived these women had nowhere to go. They would put their lives in jeopardy to hide the women that the men wanted to rape. They set up adoptions for unwanted babies, buried the dead and tended to wounds. In 1973 Mother Teresa was given the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion. In future years Mother Teresa would build many more houses for the poor and needy. She never turned down an opportunity to work with poor. She received many awards in the course of her mission. On December 9, 1979 Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize and a check for $190,000.00. She received the prize for her outstanding work with the poor and overall love for people. Three months later, she was presented with India’s greatest award, the Bharat Tatnu for the Jewel of India. In 1985 President Reagan awarded Mother Teresa with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In the following years Mother Teresa worked hard as she ever did despite her age. She talked about pro-life and worked with Aids victims of the world. Mother Teresa gave of all of herself until 1997. On September 5, 1997 the world learned that Mother Teresa was given back to God. Her body was buried on Saturday, September 13, 1997, but her spirit was still alive. She was a wonderful human being and a great woman and she will always be missed. While on earth she taught us to forgive is to love and not to be selfishness. I know that her love and generosity will live on as looks down from Heaven. You can also order a custom term paper, research paper, thesis, dissertation or essay on Mother Teresa from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers.